Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucose- and Xylose Laurate Esters Using Different Acyl Donors,Higher Substrate Concentrations,and Membrane Assisted Solvent Recovery

Glucose- and xylose laurate esters are enzymatically synthesized using equimolar substrate concentrations in 2-methyl-2-butanol, comparing free lauric acid with methyl- and vinyl-laurate as acyl donors. All reactions result in ≥70% acyl donor conversions after 72 h but the activated donors are also partially hydrolyzed to lauric acid, highlighting the difficulty in controlling water presence in this particular reaction system. The esterification of xylose generates a complex product profile, with several regioisomers of monoesters and diesters. The esterification of glucose is quite selective, forming mainly the 6-O monoester (≥96%) with a small presence of two diester isomers (4%). Increasing substrate concentration up to 800 millimoles kg⁻¹ results in lower conversion values (down to 58%) but shows that the reaction proceeds successfully even in the presence of high amounts of insoluble glucose. However, the reaction is less selective and the proportion of diester increases, becoming up to 46% (molar fraction) of the final product. Solvent recovery after esterification can be achieved by organic solvent nanofiltration through a polymeric membrane able to retain ≥80% of all reaction substrates and products. Practical Applications: The use of high substrate concentrations during the enzymatic synthesis of sugar ester biosurfactants leads to product titers that are more industrially appealing, without the need to find a solvent that can solubilize all initial substrate. The sustainability of the enzymatic conversion at mild temperatures can be enhanced by recycling of the reaction solvent through organic solvent nanofiltration, an energy efficient alternative to other traditional methods like distillation.     

铜冶炼渣尾矿综合利用现状及研究

铜冶炼炉渣含有大量的有价金属元素,经过选矿工艺处理后,大部分铜被回收,选出的渣精矿返回熔炼炉,渣尾矿外售至水泥厂,尾矿中有价金属仍存在较大利用价值,在现有工艺流程后增加磁选工艺,磁选后的铁精粉用作炼钢配料,尾矿外售。主要介绍了熔炼渣及尾矿成分,现有工艺尾矿处理方式,新工艺的应用及实践。     

伊利石在铝酸钠溶液中的反应脱硅过程研究

为了更清楚地了解伊利石在拜耳法溶出过程中的反应行为，本文对伊利石在合成铝酸钠溶液中的溶出动力学进行了研究，测得其活化能为114，73kJ/mol。并研究了溶液苛性碱浓度对伊利石的反应速率的影响；添加石灰可以有效的增加伊利石的反应率，提高脱硅效率。为拜耳法生产氧化铝的脱硅过程及防止结疤提供理论依据。     

Sn-Ag-Cu表面贴装元件的水清洗技术

采用SMT450-LD全自动SMT水清洗系统对模拟试件和贴装有片式电阻的PCB板表面残留物采用水基清洗剂清洗。结果表明，用Sn—Ag-Cu免清洗焊膏贴装在FR4基板上的片式电阻，焊后采用水基清洗剂清洗，表面残留物离子浓度为1．9μg/cm^2，达到美国军用标准MIL—STD-2000小于5．7μg／cm^2的规定。清洗过程中参数的设置，如清洗温度，清洗时间会对清洗效果产生较大影响。     

CNG储气瓶的金属磁记忆检测

使用金属磁记忆检测方法和超声方法对在役的七组公交车CNG高压储气瓶组进行了检测,并对比分析了两种方法的检测结果。结果表明,金属磁记忆方法检测到的可疑区域涵盖了超声检测到的缺陷区域,因此用磁记忆方法检测高压储气瓶,有较高的可靠性和高效性。     

氢及缺口状态对40CrNiMo钢断裂强度的影响

通过对４０ＣｒＮｉＭｏ光滑与三种不同缺口状态的试样进行试验发现，氢对材料强度的影响与外加应变速率的大小有关。在空气中试验，缺口状态对材料断裂强度几乎无影响；而在氢气中试验，则发现缺口根部半径Ｒ的变化对材料断裂强度影响极大；当缺口根部半径一定，仅改变外径Ｄ或缺口处最小直径ｄ所得两种缺口状态对缺口强度的影响不大。     

气液并流吸收过程中液相近界面浓度分布的全息干涉测量

1 INTRODUCTION Mass transfer across free interface of gas-liquid flow is of extensive importance and is encountered in most industrial applications. A close investigation of concentration distribution near the interface is helpful to understand mass transfer phenomena, to guide the development of transport theories, and to optimize the design of gas-liquid contact equipment. Laser holographic interference technique provides a precise and noncontact measurement method for measuring the tran…     

磷酸浓缩氟吸收问题的探讨

将我国现有的几种磷酸浓缩流程和实际应用效果进行比较 ,并从氟吸收机理分析探讨氟吸收级数与吸收效率的关系 ;氟硅酸浓度、温度与吸收效率的关系 ;吸收设备和雾沫分离器选型等     

超滤在明胶生产中的应用

本文研究了超滤在明胶生产中的应用,超滤作为初级浓缩是可行的。同时,对超滤设备、超滤膜与工艺条件作了讨论。