Simulation of energy saving in Iranian buildings using integrative modelling for insulation

According to one survey on energy consumption in Iran, commercial and building sector consume more energy than any other economic sectors. For example, about 38% of total energy that consumed in year 2001 has been used for space heating. Insulation in external walls of buildings has an important role to reduce the environmental effects on indoor space condition. Therefore, always using insulation is an alternative to avoid from the energy loss. In this paper, the effects of the using of a proper insulation on the energy saving in Iranian buildings are studied. For this purpose, an integrative modelling is used for simulation of the energy consumption in buildings. It is shown that energy consumption per square meter of buildings can be reduced up to 35.2% when insulation is used for external walls.     

重金属污染物动态吸附试验及数学模拟

本文采用泥沙动力学中Ｒｏｕｓｅ等人用来研究泥沙浓度沿垂线分布的装置。对泥沙吸附重金属污染物进行了动态模拟。试验分有底泥和无底泥两种情况。研究中发现在Ｒｏｕｓｅ装置的水力、泥沙条件下泥沙吸附重金属污染物达到平衡状态需要６小时以上，由极坐标下的重金属迁移转化数学模型方程，在本文具体试验条件下进行数值求解，计算结果和试验结果合良好，说明数学模型是正确合理的试验是可靠的。计算时依据室内静态试验结果，对动态     

代数应力模式的分析解及其在充分发展旋转管流中的应用

本文通过求解雷诺应力在代数应力模式中与平均速度梯度之间的分析关系，研究了代数应力模式在涡旋流动特别是在充分发展旋转管流中存在的内在缺陷，这些缺陷的主要表现为：（１）在不考虑固壁对湍流影响的代数应力模式中，分析解给出Ｗ∝ｒ和ｖｗ＝０的错误结论；（２）若在代数应力模式中考虑固壁对湍流影响，在对称轴上会有ｖ＾２不等于ｗ＾２的非物理解。与诺应力输运模式相比，代数应力模式的缺陷归限结底在于该模式的基本假设不     

测井声波波形与声源的特性有关

根据推导出的圆管状压电换能器在各种激励电压信号作用下的声源函数和谱函数以及声波测井正演问题研究出的石油井孔中任意一点上的声波公式,用计算机技术模拟出了相应的测井记录声波全波列,并将它们输入到声波全波列测井处理程序中进行处理。正演模拟结果和处理结果表明,测井记录的声波全波列不但与所测地层的性质有关,而且与声源的特性有关,声源特性对测井记录的声波全波列的质量有一定的影响。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取大豆油的研究与数值模拟

本文建立了一套超临界流体萃取的实验装置 ,在压力为 2 0MPa～ 30MPa ,温度为30 8K～ 32 3K的条件下 ,研究了用超临界二氧化碳萃取大豆油。试验证明用超临界流萃取的方法可以较为完全地得到大豆中的油分。基于固定床、积分柱塞流与微分混合流的假设建立了理论计算模型 ,使用这个模型可以根据装料量少耗时短的微分萃取试验结果来较为准确地计算出相同条件下积分萃取的过程。经本试验结果比较证明该方法简便可行 ,在本文条件下误差小于 6 % ,是对超临界流体萃取放大研究的一种探索     

基于模糊物元理论的岩爆倾向性等级评价

岩爆倾向性等级评价是研究岩爆发生机理的基础。本文以脆性岩爆指标(B)、Barton岩爆指标(α)、弹性变形能岩爆指标(Wet)和冲击能岩爆指标(Wcf)为基础建立岩爆倾向性评价指标体系,建立了基于模糊物元理论的岩爆倾向性等级评价模型。采用该模型对小厂坝矿区典型岩石的岩爆倾向性等级进行评价,结果表明:矿岩和黑云母石英片岩均为强岩爆倾向性。灰岩随着埋深增加,由弱岩爆倾向性向中岩爆倾向性过渡。矿体的上盘(黑云母石英片岩)为强岩爆倾向性,矿体的下盘(灰岩)为中岩爆倾向性,在实际开采过程中,应尽量将采矿工程布置于下盘。矿体为强岩爆倾向性,这与实际开采中频繁出现岩爆征兆现象一致。建议开采过程中应加强地压监测,合理布置卸压工程。     

土钉墙+水泥土桩墙联合支护结构的力学特性分析

为充分发挥水泥土桩墙的高强度特性,提出了一种土钉墙+水泥土桩墙的基坑联合支护结构,并介绍了其设计理念。基于有限元数值模型,结合南昌地区典型地质条件,系统地研究了联合支护结构对渗流场、土体水平位移、土钉轴力、水泥土桩墙桩身应力、基坑破坏模式的影响,以及坑底加固、水泥土桩墙距离对基坑支护性能的影响,并与传统土钉墙和复合土钉墙支护结构进行了对比分析。结果表明：在保证墙体安全的条件下,联合支护结构的受力机制更合理,开挖面处土体水平位移、桩身轴向及切向应力均小于传统的土钉墙和复合土钉墙;基坑破坏模式表现为重力式挡土墙破坏模式,对坑底进行加固处理可进一步显著改善其支护性能。     

Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Cooked Potato and Potato Salad—A One‐Step Kinetic Analysis*

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram‐positive spherically‐shaped bacterium capable of producing heat‐stable enterotoxins that cause acute gastrointestinal diseases. The growth of this pathogen in food is a major threat to public health worldwide. Potato salad is a frequent vehicle for infection and food poisoning caused by S. aureus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the growth kinetics of S. aureus in cooked potato and potato salad. Samples of potato cubes and potato salad inoculated with S. aureus were incubated at temperatures between 8 and 43 °C to observe its growth for developing growth models. No growth was observed at 8 °C. The experimental results showed that the growth curves did not exhibit lag phases, and can be described by a 3‐parameter logistic model. A one‐step kinetic analysis approach was used to simultaneously analyze all growth curves by direct construction of both the primary and secondary (Ratkowsky square root) models using nonlinear regression to minimize the global residual error. The estimated nominal minimum growth temperature of S. aureus was 6.12 °C in potato cubes and 8.80 °C in potato salad. The estimated maximum growth temperatures of S. aureus in potato cubes and potato salad were very close to each other (46.3 and 46.8 °C, respectively). On the average, the specific growth rates of S. aureus in potato cubes were approximately 70% higher than those in potato salad. This study suggests that cooked potato and potato salad should be stored below 6 °C or above 47 °C to prevent the growth of S. aureus. The mathematical models and kinetic parameters can be used to accurately evaluate the effect of temperature abuse on the growth of S. aureus and conduct risk assessments of S. aureus in cooked potato and potato salad.     

保健食品产业中存在的问题及对策分析

随着我国社会矛盾的转变以及人口老龄化问题逐步加剧,保健食品市场得到了快速的发展,在保健食品急速发展的同时也出现了一些问题.该文简要介绍了我国保健食品的发展现状及自双轨制改革后各方面的政策变动,并系统分析了现阶段我国保健食品在产品、市场、监管审批等方面存在的问题.研究发现,现阶段我国保健食品功效的研究还主要集中在增强免疫...