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31.
3-D MCM封装技术及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了超大规模集成电路(VLSI)用的3-D MCM封装技术的最新发展,重点介绍了3-D MCM封装垂直互连工艺,分析了3-D MCM封装技术的硅效率、复杂程度、热处理、互连密度、系统功率与速度等问题,并对3-D MCM封装的应用作了简要说明。 相似文献
32.
《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2003,38(3):297-304
Summary The heat resistance of a four‐strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was tested. The temperature range was 55–62.5 °C and the substrate was beef at pH 4.5 or 5.5, adjusted with either acetic or lactic acid. Inoculated meat, packaged in bags, was completely immersed in a circulating water bath and cooked to an internal temperature of 55, 58, 60, or 62.5 °C in 1 h, and then held for pre‐determined lengths of time. The surviving cell population was enumerated by spiral plating meat samples on tryptic soy agar overlaid with Sorbitol MacConkey agar. Regardless of the acidulant used to modify the pH, the D ‐values at all temperatures were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in ground beef at pH 4.5 as compared with the beef at pH 5.5. At the same pH levels, acetic acid rendered E. coli O157:H7 more sensitive to the lethal effect of heat. The analysis of covariance showed evidence of a significant acidulant and pH interaction on the slopes of the survivor curves at 55 °C. Based on the thermal‐death–time values, contaminated ground beef (pH 5.5/lactic acid) should be heated to an internal temperature of 55 °C for at least 116.3 min and beef (pH 4.5/acetic acid) for 64.8 min to achieve a 4‐log reduction of the pathogen. The heating time at 62.5 °C, to achieve the same level of reduction, was 4.4 and 2.6 min, respectively. Thermal‐death–time values from this study will assist the retail food processors in designing acceptance limits on critical control points that ensure safety of beef originally contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. 相似文献
33.
ZnS, ZnSe, and CdTe polycrystals are experimentally investigated. Mechanisms are treated which restrict the thermal conductivity in samples prepared by recrystallization pressing and by deposition from the vapor phase and subjected to additional strain. Anomalies are observed on the temperature dependences of the thermal resistance of investigated samples, which are due to the special features of their phonon spectra and to the variation of the contribution made by longitudinal and transverse phonon branches to the heat transfer in the Debye temperature region and higher. 相似文献
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Thermal water at Yufuin (Kyushu Island, Japan) is tapped through about 820 shallow wells and used mainly for hot-spring bathing purposes. Chemical and isotopic data for fluids from wells and fumaroles in Yufuin and Beppu indicate that the thermal activity at Yufuin represents a dilute, westward-flowing hydrothermal outflow plume from the Beppu hydrothermal system. Two other (eastward-flowing) outflow plumes have long been recognized at Beppu, but the Yufuin outflow plume is first recognized here. The Yufuin outflow plume is apparently a mixture of two end-member fluids: (1) deep high-temperature (250–300°C) fluid from the Beppu system having high chloride concentration (1400–1600 mg/L) and a δ18O value near −6.0%, and (2) meteoric water having low chloride concentration (≤7 mg/L) and a δ18O value near −9.2%.A permeable conduit for the vertical and lateral transport of deep fluid from the Beppu system is provided by the Yufuin Fault zone, which extends westward from the southern flank of Mt. Tsurumi volcano to the town of Yufuin. Stable isotope ratios and chloride concentrations for shallow groundwaters near the eastern end of the fault, at an elevation near 700 m, are consistent with those required for the low-chloride meteoric end-member of the Yufuin thermal waters. Recharge of this meteoric water, as well as mixing with the Beppu deep fluid, may occur along the Yufuin Fault. Enthalpy-chloride relations indicate additional conductive heating of the Yufuin waters, in the amount of 350–500 kJ/kg beyond that which can be accounted for by mixing between Beppu deep fluid and meteoric water. This could be a result of conductive heating with convection to a depth of 1–2 km. Estimates of the magnitude of the heat source for the Beppu hydrothermal system should take into account the heat being discharged at Yufuin. 相似文献
38.
注聚采出水分离用动态水力旋流器特性研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
原有的地面工艺和设备已不能满足聚合物驱采出水分离的要求。采用自行研制的动态水力旋流器,在增压与不增压两种工艺流程下,分别进行了流量和转数对分离效率的影响、转数与压力降的关系,以及入口压力与处理量的关系等项试验研究。试验结果表明,与静态水力旋流器相比,动态水力旋流器的分离效率明显提高,一般可提高10%左右;压力损失显著降低,约可减少0.1MPa,足见可在低压下工作,易于实现无泵运行;无泵运行明显比有泵增压运行的分离效率高,但处理量会有所降低。将动态水力旋流器应用于聚合物驱产出水的油-水分离处理是完全可行的。 相似文献
39.
本文应用常规的守恒方程及湍流模型,对二维池内热分层流动建立了数学模型,并在Patankar的压力校正法基础上对该数学模型进行了数值计算,计算中的差分格式为乘方格式、一阶迎风、二阶迎风和QUICK。通过与实验的比较分析,建议计算应采用QUICK格式,并在进行风格独立性试验的基础上使用加密网络。 相似文献
40.
进行了PAA(PolyacrylicAcid)-PSF(Polysulfone)交联复合膜的制备,研究了交联剂、添加剂对膜性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜观察了膜的断面结构.研究了PAA-PSF交联复合膜对低浓度有机醇类水溶液反渗透分离性能.发现对于1000×10-6乙醇水溶液截留率达到66.2%,透过流束可达0.9×10-6(m3·m-2·s-1).随醇的分子量的增加,截留率不断上升,对戊醇的截留率达94.3%,而透过流束则保持相对稳定.对不同结构醇类的分离性能研究表明,截留率存在有:tert->sec->iso->n-的规律. 相似文献