Experimental and theoretical study on thermal and moisture characteristics of new-type bamboo structure wall

Thermal and moisture characteristics of the bamboo structure wall were tested in natural climate and three representative variation processes of heat and moisture: heating from solar radiation in summer at normal temperature and humidity, heating from solar radiation in summer at normal temperature and high humidity after rain, humidifying from brash in summer at high temperature and normal humidity. The results show that, in summer, the largest temperature difference between external and internal surface of the 28 mm-thick bamboo plywood wall is 11.73 °C (at 15:40) and the largest strain difference is 136 μm/m (at 18:50), both in ambient and indoor conditioned environment. In heating process, lengthways of the wall surface are in contracting strain while transverse ways are in expanding strain at initial stage and in contracting strain during later period. When the high temperature wall is humidified by rain, the surface temperature drops, moisture content increases and the expanding strain is presented on the surface during the whole process. Temperature and moisture content are two important factors which affect thermal and moisture stress (TMS) of the bamboo structure wall. The TMS is not only related to temperature and moisture content, but also greatly affected by temperature gradient, moisture content gradient and rates of changing.     

Energy saving effect of building envelope in summer

To explore the energy saving effect of building envelope, the experiments were carried out through a comparison of basic cubicle in summer. Experiments show that if energy efficiency measures are applied only in the external walls and windows, the energy saving cubicles have an average energy efficiency ratio of 27.75% and 27.05% when the air change rates are 1.1 and 1.4 h⁻¹ in summer, with both values being over the standard target value by 25%. And the indoor air temperature of the energy saving cubicle is below that of the basic cubicle. The daily mean temperature difference between the interior surface of insulation wall and no insulation reaches 1.47 °C, and the mean temperature difference is up to 8.52 °C between the interior surface and exterior surface of insulating glass and single glass. The two cubicles were simulated for energy consumption using VisualDOE4.0 software under real weather conditions in summer. The results show that the mean deviation is 10.02% between experimental and simulated energy efficiency ratio. The correctness and validity of simulation results of the VisualDOE4.0 software are proved.     

基于瞬时效率的功率分流式混合动力汽车最佳分离因子的确定

介绍一种基于系统瞬时效率优化的功率分流式混合动力汽车最佳分离因子的三重迭代确定方法。得到最佳分离因子与车速和需求功率的函数关系,并基于最佳分离因子开发出功率分流式混合动力汽车的瞬时最优控制算法。与基于发动机最优曲线控制算法相比,基于最佳分离因子的系统瞬时最优控制算法经济性有明显的提高。     

竖直串联地埋管蓄热的传热分析

为解决大温差地下蓄热的传热分析及其工程应用,基于传统的并联地热换热器地下温度场分布,围绕地埋管大温差蓄热的地源热泵复合系统,针对竖直多级串联地埋管蓄热方法,建立了其物理与数学模型,进行了多级串联地埋管换热器传热分析,得了适宜工程应用的三级串联地埋管换热器目标函数的最优解.结果表明：三级串联地埋管换热器逐级换热量比的最优解为β1 =0.357800、β2 =0.332749、β3=0.309451;定期改变循环液流动方向,能够使各级地埋管换热效率趋于均匀,提高串联地埋管换热器的总换热强度;大温差蓄热应考虑地埋管换热器的承受能力,一般PE管材换热器承受温度不宜超过80℃.     

边界不同恒温时功能梯度板平面稳态温度场

假设热导率沿功能梯度板高呈指数函数形式分布,基于该板的平面稳态热传导基本方程,用分离变量法,导出边界不同恒温时该板的平面稳态温度场的级数解析解,与有限元解对比,两种方法的最大节点温度误差0.86％.通过数值计算,获得了该板的平面稳态温度场分布,研究了板的梯度参数和几何组成对温度场的影响.主要结果表明:板内的温度场分布对称于过形心的y轴;随着梯度参数值的增加,板内的高温区向左右两边界和下边界逐步扩展;随着板高的递减,板内中下部的温度分布趋于平缓.因此,可选择适合的梯度参数和几何组成来满足设计、应用和热应力分析的需要,所获得的解析解可作为检验其他近似方法的参考标准.     

国产引进型300MW汽轮机通流部分改造及效果分析

提出了对国产引进型300 MW汽轮机通流部分的改造方案.通过性能考核试验验证,改造后的汽轮机效率得到了提高,热耗降低,达到了预期的节能降耗效果.     

水管冷却热传导计算模型能量分析

对水管冷却有限元法和水管冷却等效热传导法的相关性进行了研究,采用同一套有限元网格,仿真分析了混凝土浇筑仓的非稳定温度场和徐变应力场,对比分析了两种水管冷却计算模型计算的混凝土浇筑仓平均温度和弹性应变能及黏性应变能.水管冷却等效热传导法计算的混凝土平均温度与水管冷却有限元法计算的平均温度接近,前者是后者的等效平均,但两者的同一节点温度不一样,且差异有时还比较大.由于前者是后者温度的等效平均,所以前者和后者的弹性应变能和黏性应变能接近,但两者的同一节点的应力不一样,因此其差异有时也比较大.     

曲条面引水渠首在阿韦滩渠首改造工程中的应用

在多沙河流上,泥沙淤积常会造成渠首引水设施的破坏,通过对阿韦滩渠首运行中发现的问题,结合当地工程实际,在原底栏栅式渠首基础上改造提出的一种新型引水渠首——曲条面引水渠首。该新型渠首利用弯道凸岸沉沙、凹岸引水的原理,对原底栏栅式引水渠首进行改扩建,在条形冲沙槽进水口前修建曲线形挡沙坎,采用曲面引水实现第一级水沙分离,凹岸表层较清的水流进入条形冲沙槽后,更清的水流入两侧的溢流槽,最终实现条形冲沙槽冲沙、溢流槽双向溢流面进水的第二级水沙分离。工程建成运行后,发现通过这两级的水沙分离过程,最终实现了其引水、排沙,水沙分离效果较好,值得推广应用。     

高温热采井水泥环缺陷对套管安全性的影响分析

针对水泥环缺陷导致套管承受非均匀载荷并引起套管失效的问题,建立了套管、含缺陷水泥环和地层耦合系统有限元计算模型。将温度场与应力场耦合,考虑套管强度降低,计算了水泥环缺陷形状、缺陷环向开度、缺陷深度及缺陷数量对套管安全的影响。应用塑性变形、剩余强度和安全系数来评价水泥环含缺陷井筒中套管的安全性,并分析了套管的失效模式。计算结果表明:完整井筒和水泥环含缺陷井筒中套管的屈服温度相差较大,水泥环缺陷环向开度和深度对套管安全的影响比较大。此研究为揭示套管失效机理提供了依据,对预防套损具有指导意义。