硫酸钠沉积转化特性及对灰熔融性的影响

Na2SO4是加剧高碱煤沾污结渣特性的重要中间物质。为阐明炉内固相Na2SO4生成转化机理及对灰熔融性的影响规律,采用气相反应动力学分析了Na2SO4(g)的生成,总结了渣层不同温度下Na2SO4的沉积和转化特性,通过灰熔融性和高温矿物演变实验研究了Na2SO4的高温转化及对灰熔融性的影响。结果表明:Na2SO4(g)是气相Na的主要赋存形式。900℃及以下Na2SO4(g)大量凝结并沉积,中低温渣层中的Na2SO4稳定存在。渣层温度沿径向升高,沉积于高烟温区域灰渣外层的Na2SO4熔融,并发生高温转化,与飞灰中石英、刚玉等矿物发生铝硅酸化反应,1 000℃左右大量生成钠长石,硫酸钠含量高时生成钠霞石,高于1100℃进一步转化为钙钠长石、青金石、蓝方石等矿物。Na2SO4高温下转化为低熔点含钠铝硅酸盐,其助熔共晶效应导致灰熔融温度大幅降低,加剧结渣。     

聚苯乙烯磺酸钠作用下Ⅰ型水合物的生成热力学与动力学

通过使用表面活性剂来提升水合物的生成速度和转化率是提高水合物技术经济价值的主要方法。因为泡沫过多不利于生产,低起泡性的聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）在水合物技术领域具有很好应用的潜力。本文根据对含PSS体系的水合物生成热力学研究,提出了乙烯-PSS溶液体系的热力学模型以定量描述PSS对水合物的热力学影响,该模型可较为准确地预测水合物的热力学临界生成压力：平均相对误差为1.1%,最大相对误差为3.8%。在上述研究基础上,本文研究了在PSS存在的情况下,PSS初始浓度和热力学推动力对Ⅰ型水合物的生成速度、最终转化率（水合物生成结束时的转化率）等参数的影响。结果表明,PSS对Ⅰ型水合物的热力学负面影响很小。PSS使水合物的最终转化率由59.6%±1.9%提升到80%以上,并使水合物的生成速度显著提升。当PSS初始浓度或压力低于特定值时,提高PSS初始浓度或压力可有效提升水合物的生成速度和最终转化率;但PSS初始浓度或压力高于特定值时,提高PSS初始浓度或压力对水合物生成速度和最终转化率的提升效果不再明显。     

Internal oxidation thermodynamics and microstructures of Ag-Y alloy

The thermodynamic data of pure Ag and Y were calculated. The phase constitution, composition of micro-region and microstructures of Ag-Y alloy after internal oxidation were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), energy dispersion spectrometry(EDS) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that the internal oxidation behavior of Ag-Y alloy is feasible from the view of thermodynamics. The upper limit of oxygen partial pressure of Ag-Y alloy oxidation is a function of temperature. Two phases (Ag and Y2O3) appear in Ag-Y alloy after the internal oxidation. The surface of Ag-Y alloy is convex because of the volume expansion of oxide in the alloy and the composition of the convex part is Ag. In Ag-Y2O3 sintered bulk Y2O3 particles are distributed inhomogeneously and conglomerated seriously, but they are dispersed uniformly in the Ag matrix after severe plastic deformation.     

混杂增强相(Al3Ti-TiB2-SiC)的形成热力学分析

对利用原位反应与高剪切液态搅拌复合专利技术制备的Al3Ti-TiB2-SiC/Al-13%Si复合材料的增强相的形成热力学进行了理论计算和分析,并采用差热分析法(DTA)进行了试验验证.研究表明:(1)Al-Ti-B体系加入到Al-13%Si熔体中可发生原位反应,形成增强相,原位反应的开始温度为905.3℃,结束温度为1 061.23℃;(2)Al-Ti-B体系加入到Al-13%Si熔体中,制备颗粒增强Al-13%Si复合材料的增强相为TiB2和Al3Ti,但TiB2形成能力最强.     

SiC／Ti基复合材料界面反应的热力学研究

通过建立热力学可能反应模型，分别计算了SCS－6 SiC长纤维增强Ti3Al和TiAl金属间化合物基复合材料界面反应的Gibbs函数变值△rG，并用△rG判据推测了界面反应产物并与透射电镜实验结果进行了对比分析。研究表明，由于TiAl中原子结合力较强，因而SCS－6 SiC/TiAl复合材料的界面反应较轻。所研究的2种复合材料界面反应的二元反应产物为TiC,Ti5Si3和Ti3Si,Ti-Si相图中的其它二元硅化物不可能形成。     

ANALYSIS OF DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURE IN MATERIAL COMMINUTION

ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＤＩＳＳＩＰＡＴＩＶＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＩＮＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬ　ＣＯＭＭＩＮＵＴＩＯＮＺｈａｎｇ；Ｚｈｉｔｉｅ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＳｏｕｔｈＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅ...     

封闭循环氢还原法制备纳米钨粉

通过对WO3氢还原过程的热力学分析,找到了制备均匀细颗粒W粉的热力学途径-彻底快速除去还原系统中的水分。通过系统内的特殊装置除水,降低了还原温度,以WO3为原料,用封闭循环氢还原法,在600℃下还原得到了W粉,其粒径在(20～60)nm之间熏纯度为99.76%。     

Codeposited chromium and silicon diffusion coatings for Fe-Base alloys via pack cementation

The simultaneous deposition of Cr and Si into plain carbon, low-alloy, and austenitic steels using a halide-activated pack-cementation process is described. Equilibrium partial pressures of gaseous species have been calculated using the STEPSOL computer program to aid in designing specific processes for codepositing the desired ratios of Cr and Si into a given alloy. The calculations indicate that NaCl-activated packs are chromizing, while NaF-activated packs deposit more Si with less Cr. The use of a dual activator (e.g., NaF+NaCl) allows for the deposition of both Cr and Si in the desired amounts. Single-phase ferritic coatings (150–250 microns thick) with a surface concentration of 20–35 wt.% Cr and 2–4% Si have been grown on AISI 1018, Fe-2.25 Cr-1.0Mo-0.15C, and Fe-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo-0.2C steels using packs containing a 90 wt.% Cr-10Si binary source alloy, a NaF+NaCl activator, and a silica filler. Two-phase coatings (approximately 75 microns thick) containing 20–25 wt.% Cr and 2.0–2.4% Si have been obtained on 304 stainless steel using packs containing a 90 wt.% Cr-10Si binary source alloy, a NaF activator, and an alumina filler. The same pack chemistry allowed the diffusion of Cr and Si into the austenitic Incoloy 800 alloy without a phase change. A coated Fe-2.25 Cr-1.0 Mo-0.15 C coupon with a surface concentration of Fe-34 wt.% Cr-3Si was cyclically oxidized in air at 700°C for over four months and 47 cycles. The weight gain was very low (<0.2 mg/cm²) with no scale spalling detected. Coated coupons of AISI 1018 steel, and Fe-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo-0.2C steel have shown excellent oxidation-sulfidation resistance in reducing, sulfur-containing atmospheres at temperatures from 400 to 700°C and in erosion and erosion-oxidation testing in air at 650 and 850°C.     

DRIVING FORCE OF BAINITIC TRANSFORMATION FOR Fe-Mn-C ALLOYS

本文应用三元合金的规则溶液模型计算了Fe-C-Mn三元合金在贝氏体相变温区内以不同方式等温转变的相变驱动力,从热力学上论述了以不同的微观机制进行等温贝氏体转变的可能性。     

NEW METHODS FOR CALCULATING ACTIVITIES OF COMPONENTS FROM PHASE DIAGRAMS IN BINARY PERITECTIC SYSTEMS

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