Characterization of electrode/electrolyte interface for lithium batteries using in situ synchrotron X-ray reflectometry—A new experimental technique for LiCoO2 model electrode

A new experimental technique was developed for detecting structure changes at electrode/electrolyte interface of lithium cell using X-ray reflectometry and two-dimensional model electrodes with a restricted lattice-plane. The electrodes were constructed with an epitaxial film of LiCoO₂ synthesized by pulsed laser deposition method. The orientation of the epitaxial film depends on the substrate plane; the 2D layer of LiCoO₂ is parallel to the SrTiO₃ (1 1 1) substrate (_(0 0 3)LiCoO₂//_(1 1 1)SrTiO₃)$({(003)}_{\text{LiCo}{\text{O}}_2}//{(111)}_{\text{SrTi}{\text{O}}_3})$, while the 2D layer is perpendicular to the SrTiO₃ (1 1 0) substrate (_(1 1 0)LiCoO₂//_(1 1 0)SrTiO₃)$({(110)}_{\text{LiCo}{\text{O}}_2}//{(110)}_{\text{SrTi}{\text{O}}_3})$. The anisotropic properties were confirmed by electrochemical measurements. Ex situ X-ray reflectivity measurements indicated that the impurity layer existed on the as-grown LiCoO₂ was dissolved and a new SEI layer with lower density was formed after soaking into the electrolyte. In situ X-ray reflectivity measurements indicated that the surface roughness of the intercalation (1 1 0) plane increased with applying voltages, while no significant changes in surface morphology were observed for the intercalation non-active (0 0 3) plane during the pristine stage of the charge–discharge process.     

NPT5型空气压缩机机油乳化的原因及对策

针对NPT5型空气压缩机机油乳化的惯性故障,分析了造成机油乳化的主要原因,提出了拆检空气压缩机出风管路逆止阀、检查气阀和活塞、安装自动排水阀和更换机油等预防措施,并提出了重新界定机油含水量标准、加强油质监控和使用添加剂的建议。     

NTC电阻器热敏功能薄膜材料研究进展

过渡金属氧化物NTC热敏材料具有良好的电阻-温度特性,是理想的温度传感材料.特别是薄膜材料,由于晶粒间的不完全接触和空洞的减少,可能从根本上解决目前广泛使用的体材热敏材料存在的稳定性和重复性差的问题.分析对比了几种常用的薄膜制备方法,认为溅射镀膜法更容易得到致密、平整的热敏薄膜;阐述了NTC热敏材料两种主要的电子传导模型:最近邻跳跃(NNH)模型ρ(T)=CT·exp(T0/T)和变程跳跃(VRH)模型ρ(T)=CT2p·exp(T0/T)p;介绍了当前薄膜热敏电阻的研究现状和存在的主要问题.     

纳米固体材料在润滑剂中的应用

介绍了固体润滑材料的结构,固体纳米颗粒的制备方法、润滑机理以及作为润滑添加剂的应用情况,认为纳米固体材料具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于轴承的工程减磨材料选用探析

摩擦在工程系统中无处不在，对减磨材料的需要日益明显，对减磨材料性能的要求愈来愈高。本文以轴承为例就如何选择减磨材料进行了分析，并对各种减磨材料性能、特点进行了阐述。     

油溶性异辛氧基硼酸锌在菜子油中的摩擦学性能研究

合成了含硼及锌润滑油添加剂——异辛氧基硼酸锌(ZnOB)。采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价了其摩擦学性能。结果表明:在菜子油(RO)中加入异辛氧基硼酸锌以后,其承载能力明显提高,磨斑直径和摩擦因数均明显降低。从磨斑表面XPS分析结果可以推断,添加剂在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学降解反应,生成的产物ZnO和B2O3沉积在摩擦表面而起到润滑作用,从而改善抗磨减摩性能。     

变截面密封圈温度场及密封性能分析

为研究不同工况下变截面密封圈密封特性及润滑油膜温度场与黏温特性的关系,根据变截面密封圈密封机制,建立润滑油膜三维数值计算模型,考虑黏温特性和流体内摩擦效应,采用FLUENT和MATLAB软件,研究变截面密封圈润滑油膜在实际工况下的密封特性以及温度特性。结果表明：考虑黏温特性和在定黏度2种情况下所得结果差距明显,表明黏温特性对密封特性的影响不可忽略;油膜最高温度区域均处于外界环境侧,并随工况的改变而移动;油膜最高温度值随转速增加而升高,随密封压力增加而降低,但转速的影响大于其他工况参数;随润滑油温度升高,考虑黏温特性时油膜最高温度值随之增加,而定黏度时呈先减后增的趋势;泄漏量均随转速、密封压力和润滑油温度的增加而增大,但密封压力的影响最大。     

The quantitative analysis of thin specimens: a review of progress from the Cliff-Lorimer to the new ζ-factor methods

A new quantitative thin‐film X‐ray analysis procedure termed the ζ‐factor method is proposed. This new ζ‐factor method overcomes the two major limitations of the conventional Cliff‐Lorimer method for quantification: (1) use of pure‐element rather than multielement, thin‐specimen standards and (2) built‐in X‐ray absorption correction with simultaneous thickness determination. Combined with a universal, standard, thin specimen, a series of ζ‐factors covering a significant fraction of the periodic table can be estimated. This ζ‐factor estimation can also provide information about both the detector efficiency and the microscope–detector interface system. Light‐element analysis can also be performed more easily because of the built‐in absorption correction. Additionally, the new ζ‐factor method has several advantages over the Cliff‐Lorimer ratio method because information on the specimen thickness at the individual analysis points is produced simultaneously with compositions, thus permitting concurrent determination of the spatial resolution and the analytical sensitivity. In this work, details of the ζ‐factor method and how it improves on the Cliff‐Lorimer approach are demonstrated, along with several applications.