Range Unit‐Root (RUR) Tests: Robust against Nonlinearities,Error Distributions,Structural Breaks and Outliers

Abstract. Since the seminal paper by Dickey and Fuller in 1979, unit‐root tests have conditioned the standard approaches to analysing time series with strong serial dependence in mean behaviour, the focus being placed on the detection of eventual unit roots in an autoregressive model fitted to the series. In this paper, we propose a completely different method to test for the type of long‐wave patterns observed not only in unit‐root time series but also in series following more complex data‐generating mechanisms. To this end, our testing device analyses the unit‐root persistence exhibited by the data while imposing very few constraints on the generating mechanism. We call our device the range unit‐root (RUR) test since it is constructed from the running ranges of the series from which we derive its limit distribution. These nonparametric statistics endow the test with a number of desirable properties, the invariance to monotonic transformations of the series and the robustness to the presence of important parameter shifts. Moreover, the RUR test outperforms the power of standard unit‐root tests on near‐unit‐root stationary time series; it is invariant with respect to the innovations distribution and asymptotically immune to noise. An extension of the RUR test, called the forward–backward range unit‐root (FB‐RUR) improves the check in the presence of additive outliers. Finally, we illustrate the performances of both range tests and their discrepancies with the Dickey–Fuller unit‐root test on exchange rate series.     

日本特种化工公司确立增长优先的发展战略

日本特种化工公司在进行业务结构调整的同时全面推进合理化措施的落实。为保持其增长势头,日本特种化工企业正在创建新的业务模式。介绍了三井化工公司、三菱化工公司、东曹公司、日本钢铁化学公司、丸善石化公司、三洋化工公司、日产化学工业公司、关东电化学工业公司在特种化工材料方面的发展。     

基于稀疏特征改进的单视图表面重建

基于深度学习的单视图三维重建是当前的研究热点。为重建出更多的高频细节,SDF-SRN算法引入了位置编码,但在缺乏精确监督时,网络容易过拟合而导致凹凸不平的重建结果。针对这个问题,提出一种基于稀疏特征的网络模型,该模型凭借残差学习机制,令容易过拟合的网络预测高频残差。通过特征提取网络得到稀疏特征和全局特征,稀疏特征输入到一个超网络中生成预测浅头,该浅头负责预测符号距离函数的低频部分,而全局特征输入到另一个超网络生成另一个浅头来预测高频残差,这两部分通过权重因子构成最终的符号距离函数。频谱分析表明实验结果达到了相应的设计目的;与不同平滑表面重建方案对比,基于残差学习的平滑重建方案可以实现更平滑的表面重建,克服了SDF-SRN过拟合的问题,同时保留足够的细节;与其他先进的单视图重建方法的定性和定量对比结果证明了该方法的优越性。     

基于自适应聚合与深度优化的三维重建算法

针对现有基于多视图的三维重建方法未充分考虑像素点在其余视图的可见性,从而导致重建完整度不足,且在弱纹理和遮挡区域重建困难等问题,提出了一种应用于高分辨率的三维重建网络。首先提出了一种引入可见性感知的自适应成本聚合方法用于成本量的聚合,通过网络获取视图中像素点的可见性,可以提高遮挡区域重建完整性;采用基于方差预测每像素视差范围,构建空间变化的深度假设面用于分阶段重建,在最后一阶段提出了基于卷积空间传播网络的深度图优化模块,以获得优化的深度图;最后采用改进深度图融合算法,结合所有视图的像素点与3D点的重投影误差进行一致性检查,得到密集点云。在DTU 数据集上与其他方法的定量定性比较结果表明,提出的方法可以重建出细节上表现更好的场景。     

基于醉汉漫步和反向学习的灰狼优化算法

灰狼优化算法在优化后期易陷入局部最优,在求解高维函数时因其复杂度更高,陷入局部最优概率更大,针对上述问题提出基于醉汉漫步和反向学习的混合灰狼优化算法（DGWO）。在迭代过程中对每代种群中优势狼与最差狼进行反向学习并进行比较、重新排序后保留前3的狼,同时将采用醉汉漫步机制更新领导狼,参数A和C采用系数标量而不是GWO原始算法中的系数向量。通过10个标准测试函数(100维、500维和1 000维)以及10维的CEC2013测试函数验证了算法的性能,并与PSO、GWO-CS和GWO算法进行了比较, 结果表明,该混合灰狼优化算法 在精度和收敛速度上都具有优势。此外,将改进的灰狼优化算法应用于两级运算放大器参数设计,以开环低频增益最大化为目标,验证该算法的实用性。     

A low‐profile antenna with circularly polarized reconfigurable and omnidirectional radiation patterns

A low profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with reconfigurable polarization is designed and presented, which can radiate omnidirectional patterns that can be switched between left‐hand circularly polarized (LHCP) and right‐hand circularly polarized (RHCP). A pair of arc‐shaped complementary dipoles is acted as reconfigurable elements by bridging four pin diodes at the dipole arced arms. A meander phase shift line is employed to connected the arc dipole arms and plate cavity to adjust the phase relationship of two sources. The proposed antenna exhibits the omnidirectional radiation pattern by combining six identical elements placed in a circular array configuration. 24 p‐i‐n diodes are exploited to six elements, by manipulating the dc bias voltage across the diodes, the polarization state of the antenna can be switched. The patterns of the antenna are similar to that of a dipole, but its size is only about Φ0.87 × 0.029λ₀ at 5.8 GHz. The overlapped bandwidth of measured 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) and 10‐dB return loss is 5.724‐5.87 and 5.738‐5.91 GHz for two polarization states, which are right on the target of ISM band. It can be well adapted to medical diagnosis systems.     

A pair of parallel differential magnetic‐field probes with high measurement accuracy and high electric‐field suppression ratio

Magnetic‐field probes can be used for electromagnetic interference measurement of high‐speed circuits. The main magnetic probe performance includes sensitivity, spatial resolution, electric‐field suppression ratio (EFSR), and measurement accuracy. In this article, a pair of differential magnetic‐field probes is proposed to improve measurement accuracy without reducing sensitivity. The proposed differential probes consist of two asymmetric loop probes, which are designed in the same plane and separated by a row of periodic vias. The proposed differential probes are fabricated under PCB process. High accuracy can be achieved by measuring difference between outputs of the two probes. In addition, EFSR can be improved by size optimization of the differential magnetic‐field probes. Simulation and measurement results show the operating bandwidth is from 100 MHz to 12 GHz, the measurement error is 3.4% and the EFSR is about 40 dB. The proposed probes have higher measurement accuracy and higher EFSR than the conventional single probe, and larger operation bandwidth than the stacked differential probes.     

Design of a broadband dielectric resonator antenna and its application in low sensitivity frequency beam‐scanning array with wide scanning angle and suppressed sidelobes

In this paper, a broadband dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a simple H‐slot feeding structure is proposed. The broad bandwidth (~45%) and uni‐directional radiation enable this DRA suitable to work as a radiation element in the construction of a beam‐scanning array with not only low frequency sensitivity which is important for accurate angle estimation of in‐coming targets, but also a wide scanning range. Moreover, stable coupling coefficients are established around all the above three resonances with respect to its corresponding feeding line, ensuring a low sidelobe level (SLL) across the whole operating frequency range. In order to realize such a DRA, a latticed rectangular structure is utilized to generate the lower two resonances, while the upper resonance is generated by its H‐shaped feeding slot. The shape of the latticed dielectric resonator is also modified according to a 3‐D printed fixing structure for an accurate installation. A 20‐element beam‐scanning prototype is demonstrated and manufactured. The range of scanning angle is from ?36° to +13° within the bandwidth of 10 to 16 GHz, corresponding to a frequency sensitivity of only 122.5 MHz/^o. The achieved SLL are smaller than 19 dB for all scanning beams. The above performance indicates that, this array is very suitable for near‐range radar systems requiring an accurate angle estimation.     

Positivity and stability of mixed fractional‐order systems with unbounded delays: Necessary and sufficient conditions

This article provides a comprehensive study on quantitative properties of linear mixed fractional‐order systems with multiple time‐varying delays. The delays can be bounded or unbounded. We first obtain a result on existence and uniqueness of solutions to these systems. Then, we prove a necessary and sufficient condition for their positivity. Finally, we provide a necessary and sufficient criterion to characterize asymptotic stability of positive linear mixed fractional‐order systems with multiple time‐varying delays.