混凝土静,动力双剪损伤本构理论

本文根据双剪应变理论，利用单轴拉伸和单轴压缩状态下混凝土的损伤应变阈值，建立起混凝土的初始损伤面和多轴应力状态下混凝土的损伤演化方程，并推出了多轴状态下混凝土的损伤本构方程。文中还利用单轴状态下动力损伤与静力损伤之间的关系，类推出多轴状态下动力损伤与静力损伤之间的关系，从而建立起混凝土在多轴状态下的动力损伤本构模型。     

新安江水电站扩机问题简析

华东电网水电比重日益下降，系统发展需要建设多种型式的调峰电源，通过对新安江电站扩机与兴建抽水蓄能电站的比较分析，认为二者各有利弊，并不互相排斥，就目前的工作深度而言，新安江电站扩机６０万－８０万ｋＷ技术可行，经济上合理，建议抓紧开展下阶段前期工作，新安江电站扩机所需资金应从全网角度解决。     

Combustion of coffee husks

Combustion mechanisms of two types of coffee husks have been studied using single particle combustion techniques as well as combustion in a pilot-scale fluidised bed facility (FBC), 150 mm in diameter and 9 m high. Through measurements of weight-loss and particle temperatures, the processes of drying, devolatilisation and combustion of coffee husks were studied. Axial temperature profiles in the FBC were also measured during stationary combustion conditions to analyse the location of volatile release and combustion as a function of fuel feeding mode. Finally the problems of ash sintering were analysed. The results showed that devolatilisation of coffee husks (65–72% volatile matter, raw mass) starts at a low temperature range of 170–200°C and takes place rapidly. During fuel feeding using a non water-cooled system, pyrolysis of the husks took place in the feeder tube leading to blockage and non-uniform fuel flow. Measurements of axial temperature profiles showed that during under-bed feeding, the bed and freeboard temperatures were more or less the same, whereas for over-bed feeding, freeboard temperatures were much higher, indicating significant combustion of the volatiles in the freeboard. A major problem observed during the combustion of coffee husks was ash sintering and bed agglomeration. This is due to the low melting temperature of the ash, which is attributed to the high contents of K₂O (36–38%) of the coffee husks.     

电能表检定中若干问题的分析

随着我国社会经济与科技的快速发展,电能越来越成为我国公民进行正常活动的重要因素,而电能表是作为电能计量的唯一设备,因此我国对电能表的需求数量也在不断增加.为了满足如今电力行业中对电能表准确性以及功能性的要求,我国电能表市场出现了多种多样电能表,这些电能表无论是在结构、准确度还是在功能上较之以前的都有了很大的进步,提升了我国电能计量的准确性以及功能性.     

三网融合中广电面临的问题及应对思路

根据当前广电在三网融合试点中的现状以及所面临的问题,提出了加快理顺体制机制、制定广电统筹发展战略、依托IPTV播控平台和网络资源优势、大力开发适合广电网络传输特性的IPTV服务业务、积极与电信运营商对接合作的应对思路。     

Tracking Twin Boundary Jerky Motion at Nanometer and Microsecond Scales

The jerky motion of twin boundaries in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni-Mn-Ga is studied by simultaneous measurements of stress and magnetic emissions (ME). A careful design of the experimental conditions results in an approximately linear relationship between the measured ME voltage and the nm-scale volumes exhibiting twinning transformation during microsecond-scale abrupt “avalanche” events. This study shows that the same distributions of ME avalanches, related to features of jerky twin boundary motion, are found both during and between stress drop events. Maximum likelihood analysis of statistical distributions of several variables reveals a good fit to power laws truncated by exponential functions. Interestingly, the characteristic cutoffs described by the exponential functions are in the middle of the distribution range. Further, the cutoff values can be related to the physical characteristics of the studied problem. Particularly, the cutoff of amplitudes of ME avalanches matches the value predicted by high rate magnetic pulse tests performed under much larger driving force values. This observation implies that avalanches during slow rate twin boundary motion and velocity changes observed by high rate tests represent the same behavior and can be described by the same theory.     

Profiling Voids Embedded in a Slab by a Non-Linear Model

In this paper, by applying a non linear model for the electromagnetic inverse scattering, a technique for the dielectric profiling of a planarly layered medium is investigated and applied to void localization and diagnostics inside a homogeneous lossless slab (one-dimensional geometry). Data are collected under plane wave multifrequency normal incidence. Suitable finite dimensional representations for the unknown functions are introduced and their influence on the model is discussed. The resulting functional equation is solved by the method of weighted residuals and the solution algorithm amounts to minimizing a non quadratic function, where particular attention is devoted to reduce the occurrence of local minima. Finally, the inversion algorithm is validated by applications to both simulated and experimental data.     

Analytical Solution for Wave Propagation Due to Pop-Out Phenomenon in Solid Expandable Tubular Technology

Solid expandable tubular technology has gained wide acceptance in the petroleum industry due to its operationally simplified and cost-effective solution in well drilling. The down-hole hydraulic expansion results in forward motion of a mandrel until it pops out of the tubular. The pop-out phenomenon, which occurs at the end of the tubular expansion process, leads to a sudden release of stored energy within a fluid-tubular system, causing unnecessary vibration. These vibrations can become severe and may cause permanent damage to the tubular. Hence, a complete understanding of the dynamics of the fluid-tubular system is essential to avoid premature failure.

This paper focuses on the development of a mathematical model describing the dynamics of a fluid-tubular system due to pop-out phenomenon. The coupling between tubular, fluids, and formation is incorporated. An analytical solution for the propagation of displacement, stress, and pressure waves, originating due to the excitation caused by pop-out, is obtained. The model also identifies the potential failure locations along the tubular. The coupling effect is more prominent if the tubular material is elastic as compared to elastic-perfectly plastic material. A sensitivity analysis showed that the coupling effects vanish with increase in tubular stiffness and reach an asymptotic value with an increase in formation stiffness. The quantification of coupling effects is important in order to see the effects of pressure waves on the other subsystems present down hole.     

规整填料和新型塔板设计参数选取的质疑及分析

笔者指出了目前规整填料和新型塔板设计计算中若干尚未完全解决的、有争议或值得进一步完善的设计参数。如:规整填料的每米理论板数、最小液体喷淋密度、最小气体空塔动能因子、新型塔板开孔率等,并提出了具体的设计方案供与同行切磋。     

电动潜油双螺杆泵转子设计中的难点探讨

针对电动潜油双螺杆泵转子在开发设计过程中所遇到的技术难点,如双螺杆泵转子的多级串联增压结构、压缩流体对螺杆的轴向及径向作用力分析、螺杆转子的表面硬化处理工艺和要求,以及螺杆转子的型线及间隙等问题做了分析和探讨。认为选择合适的转子型线和间隙,减少输送过程中的回流现象,对螺杆转子和壳体采用合理的表面处理工艺是转子开发设计中的技术关键。