606型低浓锥形除渣器的改进设计及其应用

原料废纸质量的变差和包装用纸产品质量要求的提高,促使造纸企业提高净化除杂的效果,进而提高浆料质量。本文介绍了为达到上述目的而创新设计的低浓锥形除渣器结构及其应用效果。     

Busemann diffuser for supersonic ramjet engine with detonation combustion of hydrogen-air mixture

The expediency of using a Busemann diffuser in a scramjet engine with detonation combustion of hydrogen-air mixtures is studied. A method is developed for calculating an air intake that provides spontaneous initiation of oblique detonation in a hydrogen-air mixture under conditions of rarefied atmosphere at hypersonic freestream Mach numbers. The geometry of the Laval nozzle (convergent-expanding) with the Busemann diffuser for the free flow Mach number 9 is determined. It is shown that at an altitude of about 40 km, the detonation combustion of the hydrogen-air mixture in this nozzle can provide more than 0.4 tons of thrust and more than 35% efficiency. The mathematical model is based on unsteady two-dimensional Euler equations for axisymmetric multicomponent reacting gas flow. To simulate chemical transformations, the detailed kinetic scheme is used that takes into account 33 non-equilibrium reactions for nine components of the mixture. The heat capacity, enthalpy, and entropy of a mixture are calculated using the reduced Gibbs energy of the gas components. Numerical modeling is carried out according to the modified Godunov scheme of the second order of approximation in spatial variables.     

Flow range enhancement by secondary flow effect in low solidity circular cascade diffusers

High-pressure ratio and wide operating range are highly required for compressors and blowers. The technical issue of the design is achievement of suppression of flow separation at small flow rate without deteriorating the efficiency at design flow rate. A numerical simulation is very effective in design procedure, however, cost of the numerical simulation is generally high during the practical design process, and it is difficult to confirm the optimal design which is combined with many parameters. A multi-objective optimization technique is the idea that has been proposed for solving the problem in practical design process. In this study, a Low Solidity circular cascade Diffuser (LSD) in a centrifugal blower is successfully designed by means of multi-objective optimization technique. An optimization code with a meta-model assisted evolutionary algorithm is used with a commercial CFD code ANSYS-CFX. The optimization is aiming at improving the static pressure coefficient at design point and at low flow rate condition while constraining the slope of the lift coefficient curve. Moreover, a small tip clearance of the LSD blade was applied in order to activate and to stabilize the secondary flow effect at small flow rate condition. The optimized LSD blade has an extended operating range of 114 % towards smaller flow rate as compared to the baseline design without deteriorating the diffuser pressure recovery at design point. The diffuser pressure rise and operating flow range of the optimized LSD blade are experimentally verified by overall performance test. The detailed flow in the diffuser is also confirmed by means of a Particle Image Velocimeter. Secondary flow is clearly captured by PIV and it spreads to the whole area of LSD blade pitch. It is found that the optimized LSD blade shows good improvement of the blade loading in the whole operating range, while at small flow rate the flow separation on the LSD blade has been successfully suppressed by the secondary flow effect.     

串列叶栅扩压器弦长比对离心压气机的性能影响研究

为研究串列叶栅前后排叶片的弦长比对离心压气机性能的影响规律,采用数值模拟的方法对某离心压气机扩压器进行串列改造,并在弦长比为0.7、1.0和2.0时对离心压气机级性能进行分析。研究结果表明:串列叶栅扩压器效率优于楔形扩压器,且可以明显扩宽压气机的工作裕度;串列叶栅弦长比在一定范围内数值越大,即前排叶片越短,压气机性能越佳。在串列叶栅扩压器后排叶片前缘附近添加合适弦长的小叶片可以在不降低离心压气机效率与工作裕度的同时提高总压比,同时拓宽其最大通流能力。     

Development of two-way diffuser for fluid energy conversion system

An experimental study was carried out to develop a new type of two-way diffuser suitable for a fluid flow energy conversion system. It is known that the power available from the fluid flow is proportional to the cube of the free stream velocity of the flow. Therefore, in order to take higher power output from the fluid flow, it is very important to construct a suitable system to increase the flow velocity. For a wind turbine, it has been reported that the speed of wind passing through it is dramatically increased by the use of a diffuser with a brim around the turbine. In this study, a new type of two-way diffuser suitable for a flow periodically changing its direction, such as a tidal current, was developed, applying the system to accelerate the wind speed for the wind turbine. The effects of the brim height and the outside body shape on the diffuser performance were experimentally investigated by measurement of the pressure and the velocity distributions along the center axis of the diffuser and around the diffuser. The present study is the first one to clarify the effect of these on diffuser performance.     

矿井通风机扩散塔的实验研究

通过对矿井通风机扩塔的模拟实验研究，考察了扩散塔转角θ对扩散塔阻力的影响、安装导流叶片对扩散塔气动性能的改善、以及扩散塔阻力、出口旋涡区与断面扩大系数ｎ的关系。实验研究结果可供扩散塔的设计和生产矿井扩散塔的减阻工作参考。     

Performance evaluation of a downwind diffuser on vertical axis wind turbine

Research has proven that the performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWTs) can be increased significantly by the application of a diffuser. It serves as a power augmented feature to draw higher wind flow toward the HAWT. However, research on integrating a diffuser onto vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) is scant, where most of the available power augmentation devices used for VAWTs are the convergent duct, deflector plate, shroud, and guide vanes which are placed in a proper configuration at the upwind. In this paper, laboratory tests and computational simulations have been carried out to study the impacts of a downwind diffuser on the performance of a VAWT. The diffuser is designed with the absence of a concentrator or flange and is placed downwind of the VAWT. Parametric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies were carried out for the downwind diffuser length and semi-opening angle. A five-bladed H-rotor was selected as the testing wind turbine, whereas the diffuser used was made up of flat plates. Both simulations and experiment results are consistent. From the experiments, it was found that a downwind diffuser increases the VAWT performance remarkably. The diffuser-augmented VAWT produced an increment in the maximum coefficient of power of 31.42% at the TSR 0.65 to 0.75. Moreover, the diffuser induced a better self-start ability on the VAWT. The simulation showed that the flow field at the diffuser promotes a flow expansion which created a lower-pressure region at downstream that accelerates the wind toward the VAWT, hence increasing the turbine performance significantly.     

导叶预旋角对叶轮/扩压器相干的影响

在不同进口导叶预旋角度下,采用非定常的方法对进口导叶/叶轮/扩压器3部件之间非定常相干进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果作比较。研究了进口导叶预旋角度对叶轮及扩压器内部流动及非定常性的影响,同时探讨了3部件之间动静相干的机理。结果表明,计算结果同实验结果吻合很好。在同等流量下,进口导叶的尾流和大尺寸涡团的非定常作用使得叶轮和扩压器上的非定常性减小,其变化弧度仅在原来的1/4左右。进口导叶为负预旋时,由进口导叶尾流所带来的非定常影响比进口导叶正预旋角度下小的多,但叶轮尾流及扩压器的势反冲效应所引起的非定常效应却较正预旋角度下有所增大。     

9F级燃气轮机排气扩散段出口非金属膨胀节问题的分析与改造

通过对9F级燃气轮机排气扩散段非金属膨胀节超温的缺陷分析和处理,对9F燃气轮机发电机组的设备状况进行剖析。结合目前国内9F级大型燃气轮机发电的运行模式,对日启停运行的设备进行技术改造,以达到机组安全稳定运行的目的。目前技术改造已经实际应用并且现场运行,取得了很好的效果,得到国内同类型发电企业的认可并进一步推广。     

五级导叶式离心泵轴心轨迹的试验测量

鉴于多级离心泵轴心轨迹研究较少的问题,对五级导叶式离心泵的能量性能和轴心轨迹进行了试验测量。结果表明,设计工况下五级导叶式离心泵的扬程为165.40m、效率为72.84%;测点的轴心轨迹时域在x向呈现周期性的畸形正弦波,在y向呈现周期性的畸形余弦波;前轴承测点A1的轴振变化幅度大于后轴承测点A2的轴振变化幅度,前轴承B2的振动比后轴承B1的振动更强;设计工况下,前轴承测点A1的轴心轨迹呈现近似八字形分布,后轴承测点A2的轴心轨迹呈现近似椭圆分布。研究成果可为多级离心泵的振动特性分析提供参考。