Missstände bei der Vollziehung des Baurechts. Aktuelle Fälle aus der Volksanwaltschaft 2008/1

Aufgabe der Volksanwaltschaft ist es, auf Grund von Beschwerden oder von Amts wegen Missst?nde in der Verwaltung des Bundes und – auf der Grundlage landesverfassungsrechtlicher Erm?chtigungen (Bgld, Krnt, N?, O?, Sbg, Stmk, Wien) – der L?nder einschlie?lich des eigenen Wirkungsbereichs der Gemeinden zu prüfen. In diesem Zusammenhang hat die Volksanwaltschaft auch wichtige, praxisrelevante Rechtsfragen des Baurechts zu kl?ren. Die Ergebnisse sollen ein- bis zweimal pro Jahr bundesl?nderweise und in Leitsatzform dokumentiert werden.     

Optimization of Dielectric Properties of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings

Conventional plasma torch was adapted to spray very fine Ca₅ (PO₄)₃OH (hydroxyapatite, HA) precursors having sizes ranging from a few hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers. The powders were put in suspension with distilled water and antidispersive agent. A home made suspension feeder, including two peristaltic pumps, delivered the suspension into atomizer and therefrom injected into plasma jet. The suspension flow rate was electronically controlled. The resulting coatings had the thickness of a few tenths of μm. The electrical properties of the coatings including breakdown voltage and loss factor of suspension sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings sprayed onto aluminium substrates were also tested. The influence of such experimental factors as power input to plasma, pressure of atomizing gas, spray distance and suspension feed rate on the responses being the electrical properties was investigated using a 2⁴ design of experiments (DOE). The mathematical models relating the responses with the factors were created and the significant factors were selected.     

Erweiterte Prüfmethoden zur sicheren Rad- und Fahrwerksverschraubung der E-Mobilität

Changes towards electrified vehicles lead to an overall increase of loads in chassis components, particularly in wheel attachments. Especially wheel attachments are facing increased dynamic loads, caused by increased axle loads, wheel dimensions, cornering loads due to tire grip and center of gravity improvements…to name some examples. To prevent fastener failures in future, new measurement and analysis procedures are being presented, enabling a complete and accurate verification of superimposed dynamic stresses caused by dynamic axial and bending loads in wheel & chassis fasteners at its critical failure area. Furthermore load-specific S−N-curves are required to accomplish an appropriate damage accumulation. This detailed understanding of loads occurring at fasteners itselfs enables improved safety in all chassis fasteners, provided these loads are known and taken into account at an early stage of a development process.     

A template-assembled synthetic protein surface mimetic of the von Willebrand factor A1 domain inhibits botrocetin-induced platelet aggregation

Platelet adhesion, the initial step of platelet activation, is mediated by the interaction of von Willebrand factor (VWF) with its platelet receptor, the GPIb-IX complex. The binding of VWF to GPIb-IX is induced either by increased shear stress or by exogenous modulators, such as botrocetin. At a molecular level, this interaction takes place between the A1 domain of VWF and the GPIb alpha chain of the GPIb-IX complex. We report here the design and functional characteristics of a VWF template-assembled synthetic protein (TASP), a chimeric four-helix-bundle TASP scaffold mimicking the surface of the A1 domain. Twelve residues located on helices alpha 3 and alpha 4 in the native A1 domain were grafted onto a surface formed by two neighboring helices of the TASP. VWF TASP was found to inhibit specifically botrocetin-induced platelet aggregation and to bind both botrocetin and GPIb alpha. However, in contrast to the native A1 domain, VWF TASP did not bind simultaneously to both ligands. Modeling studies revealed that the relative orientation of the alpha helices in VWF TASP led to a clash of bound botrocetin and GPIb alpha. These results demonstrate that a chimeric four-helix-bundle TASP as a scaffold offers a suitable surface for presenting crucial residues of the VWF A1 domain; the potential of the TASP approach for de novo protein design and mimicry is thereby illustrated.     

The effects of strength models in numerical study of metal plate destruction by contact explosive charge

Based on a complete mathematical model, the authors set up a problem of metal plate destruction by contacting explosive charge in highly nonlinear dynamic software AUTODYN and solved in two cases using the Johnson–Cook and von Mises strength models. The numerical simulation results were compared with the experimental results and showed a good fit of numerical calculations versus experiments by using the von Mises strength model. The study also shows that the Johnson–Cook strength model, if applied unreasonably, will lead to large errors, which would help to avoid mistakes in the future high speed impact study.     

Dry laying of masonry to build demountable,highly energy‐efficient prototype houses – First findings from a currently running research project

In recent decades, energy efficiency has been the priority for masonry buildings in order to keep up with ever more stringent requirements. For the evaluation of the sustainability of building solutions, however, the embodied energy to produce a building and finally to dispose of it at the end of its lifecycle are also important. The energy used for the disposal of a building and the processing of the residues are also important for the overall energy balance since the handling of natural resources is increasingly the centre point of thought and action. A research team at the Chair of Structural Design of TU Dresden has thus been working since 2012 on demountable solutions in masonry, which can be dismantled at the end of a building lifetime and sorted for recycling, which fully complies with the requirement for the reduction of rubbish and waste products. The high precision of block production today permits us to omit the levelling effect of mortar and to build dry buildings in the future, i.e. to do without the bonding principle. The associated strength reductions can be suffered without problems. The appropriate basics of such a dry building method have been researched in a collaboration between the ILEK in Stuttgart and the Xella Technologie‐ und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH in Emstal. In this research project with the abbreviation ”REMOMAB“, the basics of an energy‐efficient dry building method suitable for recycling were collected and made available for practical application. In a follow‐up project, these basics are being implemented and tested on an experimental building. Cost aspects are also to be taken into account and if possible, construction solutions available on the market will be used – modified if necessary. Another aim is for the first time to dismantle such a building and to rebuild it at another location. This is intended to demonstrate that a reuse is possible after dismantling and such a building method can react to changing demands in the housing market.     

Prozeßlenkung bei unsicheren Meßergebnissen

Metrology plays a key role in production surveillance and production control. The accuracy of production processes is assessed on produced parts using measuring instruments. Because of the measurement uncertainty the measured values are never accurate but are affected by deviations. In micro and nano technology acceptable deviations range from 0.01 to 1 μm, e.g. on gears and crankcases. To measure such deviaions measuring instruments with a measurement uncertainty of the order of nanometers are definitely necessary. This is especially so because measurement deviation leads to evaluating the process as less capable than it actually is. The higher the uncertainty of the measuring instrument used for measuring the produced parts is the less quantities for describing process capability become. This paper describes the impact of measurement uncertainty on process and product evaluation reliability in micro and nano technology with special consideration of process control.     

Java-basiertes automatisiertes Test-Framework

Java-based Automated Test-Framework With an increasing number of software-systems built using components, software developers are faced with entirely new challenges. For example, testing these modu-lar systems has become far more complex. Manual test approaches are incapable of dealing with the new architectures, leaving several parts of the systems untested. Thorough tests require extensive use of human resources, with enormous financial repercussions. Most customers are unwilling to accept these, completely unaware of their eventual benefit. Even existing automated software test approaches can only remedy these problems in parts. They commonly require source code access to add the necessary test routines, making the approach unsuitable for third party compo-nents. The innovative CBTesten approach tackles this problem. A highly dynamic framework is introduced into the software-system after compilation, which allows de-riving of test cases as well as fully automated tests based on the collected data.     

Development of cementless metal-backed acetabular cup prosthesis using functionally graded material

Metal backing has become widely used in acetaular cup design. A stiff backing for a polyethylene liner was initially believed to be mechanically favorable. Yet, recent studies of the load transfer around acetabular cups have shown that a stiff backing in fact generates higher stress peaks around the acetabular rim than full polyethylene cups, while reduces the stresses transferred at the central part of acetabulum causing stress shielding at the dome of acetabulum. To overcome these two problems, the aim of this study is to improve the design of cementless metal-backed acetabular cup using the two-dimensional functionally graded material concept through a finite element analysis and the optimization techniques. It is found that the optimal 2-D FGM model has three bioactive materials of hydroxyapatite, Bioglass and collagen. This optimal material reduces the stress shielding at the dome of acetabulum by 40% and 37% compared with stainless steel and titanium metal backing shell, respectively. However, using 2-D FGM model reduces the maximum interface shear stress in bone by 31% compared to titanium metal backing shell.