Response to walnut olfactory and visual cues by the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha juglandis

Diachasmimorpha juglandis is a specialist parasitoid attacking fly larvae in the genus Rhagoletis that feed exclusively on walnut fruit husks. In a free-foraging assay comparing response to uninfested, infested, and mechanically damaged fruits, we first determined that D. juglandis use host feeding damage on the fruit as a cue for host presence. In another free-foraging assay that used artificial walnut models and wind tunnel experiments, D. juglandis distinguished infested from uninfested fruits by using either olfactory or visual cues separately. However, the response rate of wasps in the wind tunnel was raised considerably when visual cues were also available. We analyzed the volatile compounds emitted by cohorts of uninfested, mechanically damaged, and infested fruits 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 days after oviposition by flies into the infested fruits. Total volatile emissions did not differ significantly among treatments, but quantitative changes in volatiles distinguished infested fruits from uninfested and damaged fruits. The fact that parasitoids did not distinguish between infested and damaged fruits in assays where damage was visible indicates that they rely on visual cues when those are available.     

Flight and landing behavior ofTrypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in response to different semiochemicals

The responses of the striped ambrosia beetle,Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to modified drainpipe traps baited with the host attractant ethanol, the aggregation pheromone lineatin, both alone and in combination, were studied in a wind tunnel. Exposure of males to ethanol increased their frequency of steady, upwind flight; however, only lineatin was effective in inducing them to land on and enter the traps. In contrast, exposure of females to either ethanol or lineatin alone resulted in an increased frequency of trap landing and entry. Both compounds released simultaneously did not significantly increase the frequency of trap landing and entry for either sex. These responses are consistent with the life history strategies used by both sexes to seek and colonize suitable host material.     

低层建筑抗风设计方法比较与研究

土木工程设计中,最有影响和最易引起工程结构失败甚至破坏的首推风荷载.最近几年风灾严重,尤其是风灾导致的低层建筑损失更是惨重.而国际上发达国家的风荷载规范则在不断变化之中,尤其是对轻型钢结构的抗风设计.因此本文有必要对各国低层轻型钢结构抗风设计方法进行研究.本文分别对中国、日本、美国等国家关于抗风设计方法进行比较,并针对风压系数计算一个实例,最后与风洞试验结果进行对照,对中国抗风设计方法进行研究与探讨.     

风力发电机组风轮建模和仿真研究

对风力发电机组风力机的重要部件风轮进行了仿真分析和研究.首先进行风速的模拟,然后在数学模型的基础上建立风轮Matlab仿真模型.风轮仿真分析分别按照空载和负载情况进行,得出并分析不同风速下的风轮功率、转矩、转速曲线,进而分析了风速突变情况下的风轮输出特性.     

上海东方体育中心综合体育馆屋盖结构风振分析

在屋盖同步风洞试验测量的基础上,采用CQC法对上海东方体育中心综合体育馆大跨屋盖进行了较为准确的空间风振分析。分析了多个复杂空间振型对有代表性节点的动位移根方差的影响,得到本体育馆的最大参振振型为30阶;考虑了两种荷载组合工况,比较了工况1、工况2和自重作用下屋盖结构的节点位移和基底反力,工况1作用下的节点位移和基底反力最大,工况2作用下的相应结果最小;最后给出了5个不利风向下的位移风振系数,可供参考。     

直流式低速风洞流动特性研究

针对新建的东北电力大学直流式低速风洞,介绍了其流场品质的测试方法和测试数据分析.包括:实验段风速、气流稳定性、流场均匀性、气流偏角、紊流度等五项,给出了测量的数值结果和相关参数的分布曲线,并确定了风机工作频率与气体流速之间的关系.     

风力发电机电磁场谐波分析及槽配合选择

在电机设计中槽配合的选择尤为重要,这其中就涉及到谐波分析,对双速交流电机电磁场谐波进行了数理分析,并建立了模型,其中齿谐波的分布成为准确分析谐波的关键所在,最后通过易语言实现了电磁分析的可视化编程,并在系列风力发电机的实际工程中,用此程序优化计算,最终确定了系列风力发电机的恰当定转子槽配合为72／82。     

新型桥塔自立状态动力特性分析

某独塔斜拉桥桥塔装有横撑和风缆,是一种新型桥塔,基于ANSYS软件对其自立状态下的整体动力特性和风缆动力特性进行了计算,并分析了它们的影响因素。结果表明,横撑和风缆增大了桥塔横桥向弯曲频率和扭转频率,而略微减小了顺桥向弯曲频率;风缆是否分段建模对桥塔低阶振型和频率没有影响,而对高阶振型和频率有影响;桥塔频率对风缆初张力不敏感;风缆频率对风缆初张力比较敏感,而且随着初张力的增大而逐渐增大,但频率增幅逐渐减小。     

风力发电机锥筒型塔架的模态分析

应用SAP2000有限元分析软件对某定型风力发电机组塔架建模并进行模态分析,研究了有无门洞两种塔架的固有频率及其与风轮转动频率的关系,通过对塔架固有频率影响因素的探讨,得到了一些基础性结论.分析表明：塔架的固有频率每两阶基本相等;门洞对塔架固有频率的影响很小;塔架一阶固有频率与机头质量基本呈线性关系递减;能否引起塔架与风轮激励的共振主要取决于塔架的低阶频率.研究成果可为风力发电机锥筒型塔架的设计提供参考.     

三自由度模型覆冰输电导线舞动的数值仿真分析

基于考虑输电导线垂直、水平和扭转振动耦合的3自由度模型,利用数值方法,针对系统参数和环境参数对临界风速的影响以及可能的复杂舞动模式进行了分析.给出了覆冰厚度、初始覆冰角度、来流密度、导线初始张力、单位长度质量和横向阻尼比对临界风速的影响曲线.在讨论舞动可能出现的复杂运动时,发现随风速的变化,由于周期运动的分岔可导致概周期运动和混沌等复杂运动形式.