基于计算的工业喷涂机器人基本参数设计方法

设计与确定机器人参数需要在各项性能之间进行折衷,常常是一个耗时的迭代过程。本文提出了一种工业喷涂机器人基本参数确定的一般方法。通过喷涂机器人的设计与开发过程,基于机器人建模方法,归纳出机器人基本参数对各项性能尤其是工作空间特性的影响因素与规律,并在此过程中上分析了其结构参数对机器人工作空间和性能的影响,从而得出了机器人工作空间特性与结构参数之间的内在联系,为工业机器人的设计提供依据。     

可重构柔索并联机器人协同避障方法研究

针对可重构索驱动机器人自身结构与环境障碍物间高碰撞风险问题,设计了一种基于临界支撑线及多指抓握的可重构柔索机器人协同避障方法。通过简化环境障碍物与机器人结构得到一类可重构柔索机器人在复杂环境下的一般模型,在此模型基础上利用其结构的拓扑约束及障碍物间的临界支撑线求取机器人的无碰撞运动区域;通过凸包算法及凸包映射算法求取不同构型及障碍物分布下可重构柔索并联机器人的力封闭工作空间,并分析不同构型及障碍物分布对机器人无碰撞力封闭工作空间的影响;随后,通过优化算法求取指定运动轨迹上最优索分布;最后在重构索驱动机器人实验平台对所得优化结果进行验证。实验结果显示,所设计的可重构柔索机器人协同避障方法能有效避免重构索驱动机器人运动过程中的碰撞。     

液压支架顶梁焊接机械臂的运动学分析与仿真

针对液压支架顶梁焊接过程中焊接工艺不完善、焊接难度大的现状,设计一种五自由度焊接机械臂,以保证顶梁的焊接效率和质量。基于改进D-H参数建模方法,对顶梁焊接机械臂进行正、逆运动学分析求解;采用蒙特卡罗法对液压支架顶梁焊接机械臂的有效工作空间进行分析;使用MATLAB中Robotics Toolbox工具箱对焊接机械臂进行建模和轨迹规划分析和仿真,得到各关节的角位移、角速度以及角加速度曲线;使用Adams得到机械臂的实时跟踪轨迹,经验证可知MATLAB的轨迹规划是正确的。分析仿真结果可得,设计的顶梁焊接机械臂轨迹平稳并连续,满足运动学要求,为后续顶梁焊接机械臂的动静力学分析和优化设计以及运动控制奠定了基础。     

欠秩3-UPU并联角台机构工作空间分析

针对欠秩3—UPU并联角台机构的结构特点,首先找出了该机构的几何约束,在此基础上建立了该机构移动副两端虎克铰平行或垂直布置时的位置反解方程。然后利用该机构的几何约束条件,进一步建立了该机构在两种情况下的工作空间的求解方程,为该机构的应用奠定了一定的基础。     

A multi-level optimization methodology for determining the dextrous workspaces of planar parallel manipulators

A numerical multi-level optimization methodology is proposed for determining dextrous workspaces of 3-degree-of-freedom (3-dof) planar parallel manipulators, in which it is required that at any point within the workspace, the manipulator is able to assume any orientation in a specified range. The method starts by finding a single initial point on the boundary of the dextrous workspace. This first stage requires the successive solution of three separate optimization sub-problems, where the evaluation of the objective function for the second problem and the constraint functions in the third problem are determined by the solution of appropriate optimization problems at a lower level. Once the boundary point is identified, further successive points along the dextrous workspace boundary are traced by the application of the so-called chord method. In the latter procedure, the determination of each successive boundary point is also obtained via a constrained optimization problem, where the constraint functions are again evaluated via the solution of an optimization problem at a lower level. The proposed method is illustrated by its successful application to three different manipulator design geometries, and for various ranges of dexterity. An abbreviated version of this paper was presented at the 5th ASMO UK/ISSMO conference on Engineering Design Optimization, Stratford upon Avon, UK, July 12–13, 2004.     

一种协作型机器人运动性能分析与仿真

随着制造模式的变革,协作型机器人在工业领域的应用日益广泛。本文介绍了协作型机器人的特性,并且以KUKA LBR iiwa机器人为例,进行运动性能分析,旨在为研发此类机器人提供设计理论依据。利用Denavit-Hartenberg法建立了该机器人运动学模型。基于蒙特卡洛法在MATLAB环境下对机器人灵活性和可操作性进行分析,并对其在狭小空间内作业进行轨迹规划,仿真结果表明LBR iiwa机器人具有良好的灵活性、可操作性及避障能力。     

一种新型矿用正铲液压挖掘机的运动学分析

提出一种新型矿用正铲液压挖掘机,其工作装置是一个复杂的多环耦合机构。采用修正的Grübler-Kutzbach公式分析工作装置的自由度,得出该工作装置能够满足正铲作业要求,可以实现两个移动和一个转动。基于运动链环路理论,建立通用的机构运动学分析框图,并且利用该框图对机构进行运动学分析。基于运动学正解分析矿用正铲液压挖掘机的水平挖掘时理论可达的工作空间,得出该机构在水平挖掘时铲斗与地面的倾角为30°~50°时挖掘空间最优,满足挖掘机水平挖掘的作业要求。基于机构运动分析框图对机构进行速度分析,得到液压缸的输入速度与铲斗输出运动之间的雅可比矩阵。最后给出了五组数值算例,对运动学分析进行验证。研究结果为该机构的设计和使用提供重要的理论依据。     

Is activity-based working impacting health,work performance and perceptions? A systematic review

ABSTRACT

Numerous claims have been made about the benefits of activity-based working (ABW) on workers’ health and work performance. Yet, it is unclear if these claims are proven. This systematic review aims to establish whether there is an evidence base for the effects of ABW on health, work performance and perceptions of the work environment. Eight databases were searched in September 2016. Three reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and assessed the studies and extracted the data. Seventeen studies involving 36,039 participants were included. The study designs varied in rigorousness from qualitative studies to pre–post-trials and in sample size ranging from 12 to 11,799. This review found that ABW has positive merits in the areas of interaction, communication, control of time and space, and satisfaction with the workspace; however, it is unfavourable for concentration and privacy. For physical and mental health, the evidence is equivocal. ABW seems to be a promising concept that can be implemented and promoted based on some benefits for work performance and perceptions of the work environment when it is coupled with appropriate management support and organization. More high-quality research is needed to strengthen the evidence base further and establish its health effects.     

欠秩三自由度并联平台机构工作空间中的单纯性运动路径

本文先定义了欠秩机构;接着研究了欠秩机构的瞬时转轴和连续转轴,并重点讨 论了该机构移动的直线路径、纯转动的圆弧路径和纯滚动运动的各种渐开线路径．给出了其 工作空间中单纯性运动路径的图谱,以方便机器人路径规划．     

一种非对称6-PSS并联机构的工作空间和灵活度研究

针对非对称并联机构在某些方面有着特殊的应用但研究较少的现状，对一种非对称6-PSS并联机构工作空间和灵活度进行了研究，得到了其工作空间和灵活度随结构参数和姿态要求的变化规律，得出此机构可以应用在y轴方向工作空间要求大，而绕x轴转角要求不高的场合。为进一步扩大并联机构的实际应用提供了依据。