闽江口湿地遥感影像最佳景观观察尺度的选择

应用遥感和地理信息系统技术,对景观最佳观察尺度选择的方法进行了探讨;构建了“定量化景观指数粒度敏感区间,定性化尺度大小,定性与定量相结合决定最佳观察尺度值“的最佳景观观察尺度选择模式,并以ASTER遥感影像为数据源,应用该模式对闽江口湿地景观最佳观察尺度进行了研究,指出闽江口湿地的景观观察尺度应以50m和100m为主,最大尺度不应超过200m.     

基质对制革废水的吸附性能研究

通过静态吸附试验,考察了粉煤灰、鹅卵石和砂土3种基质对制革废水中COD、氨氮、氯化物、六价铬和总铬的吸附性能。结果表明:Langmuir模型能很好地描述3种材料的等温吸附过程。3种基质对制革废水中污染物的吸附能力不同,3种基质的吸附性能依次为粉煤灰>鹅卵石>砂土。研究人工湿地基质对污染物的吸附特征,有助于了解人工湿地去除污染物的机制,以及为设计高效率人工湿地用于污水处理提供理论依据。     

Fate and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to wetland rice. II. Punjab,India

Two modified urea products (urea supergranules [USG] and sulfur-coated urea [SCU]) were compared with conventional urea and ammonium sulfate as sources of nitrogen (N), applied at 58 kg N ha^–1 and 116 kg N ha^–1, for lowland rice grown in an alkaline soil of low organic matter and light texture (Typic Ustipsamment) having a water percolation rate of 109 mm day^–1. The SCU and USG were applied at transplanting, and the whole dose of nitrogen was¹⁵N-labeled; the SCU was prepared in the laboratory and was not completely representative of commercial SCU. The SCU was broadcast and incorporated, whereas the USG was point-placed at a depth of 7–8 cm. The urea and ammonium sulfate applications were split: two-thirds was broadcast and incorporated at transplanting, and one-third was broadcast at panicle initiation. All fertilizers except the last one-third of the urea and ammonium sulfate were labeled with¹⁵N so that a fertilizer-N balance at flowering and maturity stages of the crop could be constructed and the magnitude of N loss assessed.At all harvests and N rates, rice recovered more¹⁵N from SCU than from the other sources. At maturity, the crop recovered 38 to 42% of the¹⁵N from SCU and only 23 to 31% of the¹⁵N from the conventional fertilizers, urea and ammonium sulfate, whose recovery rates were not significantly different. In contrast, less than 9% of the USG-N was utilized. Fertilizer nitrogen uptake was directly related to the yield response from the different sources. Most of the fertilizer N was taken up by the time the plants were flowering although recovery did increase up to maturity in some treatments.Analysis of the soil plus roots revealed that less than 1% of the added¹⁵N was in the mineral form. Between 20 and 30% of the¹⁵N applied as urea, SCU, and ammonium sulfate was recovered in the soil plus roots, mainly in the 0–15 cm soil layer. Only 16% of the¹⁵N applied as USG was recovered in the soil, and this¹⁵N was distributed throughout the soil profile to a depth of 70 cm, which was the lowest depth of sampling.Calculations of the¹⁵N balance showed that 46 to 50% of the urea and ammonium sulfate was unaccounted for and considered lost from the system. Only 27 to 38% of the¹⁵N applied as SCU was not recovered at maturity, but 78% of the USG application was unaccounted for. The extensive losses and poor plant recovery of USG at this site are discussed in relation to the high percolation rate, which is atypical of many ricegrowing areas.     

浅析英德东岸排涝水系(湿地公园)景观规划设计

以英德东岸排涝水系(湿地公园)项目景观规划设计为主要研究对象,探寻城市滨水空间景观规划设计构思、原则、手法、可能出现的问题及对策,力求营造更人性化的、生态的景观形象,也为其它滨水区景观规划提供参考。     

河口海岸生态环境研究现状 及发展趋势

在广泛查阅国内外关于河口海岸生态问题研究相关文献基础上,综述了河口海岸侵蚀治理研究、河口地区水质研究和河口湿地的恢复与重建等三个热点方向的研究现状。进而,根据研究现状和我国河口海岸研究的实际需求,对海岸侵蚀,河口水质恢复和湿地保护等有关河口生态环境的研究方向进行了展望。     

洞庭湖湿地潜流带地下水中氮磷迁移转化过程及驱动机制分析

为了揭示洞庭湖湿地潜流带地下水中氮磷的迁移转化过程,以洞庭湖湘江入湖口附近湿地为研究区,定期采集地表水和地下水水样进行水化学参数测试,采用熵权指数法进行水质评价,运用相关性分析、结构方程模型等方法研究理化参数对氮磷迁移转化的驱动机制。结果表明:58.8%的地下水水样为Ⅳ类或Ⅴ类水, TN、NH⁺₄和TP是主要的超标因子,氮的迁移转化主要受矿化作用、反硝化作用和硝酸盐异化还原成铵等反应控制,磷的迁移富集与Fe/Mn氧化物或氢氧化物的还原性溶解密切相关;地下水中氮磷组分含量在丰水期和枯水期表现出明显差异,受潜流交换作用影响,除NH⁺₄、溶解有机氮和TN外,地下水中NO-₂、NO-₃、TP和溶解态活性磷含量随着河岸距离增加而减小;温度、氧化还原电位、溶解氧、总溶解固体和电导率均会影响微生物活性,是地下水中氮磷迁移转化的关键驱动因子。     

1979—2019年大汶河流域湿地时空演变与分异研究

选取1979—2019年Landsat遥感影像数据,提取黄河下游大汶河流域自然湿地与人工湿地,利用标准差椭圆、空间自相关等方法分析了大汶河流域湿地时空演变、分异特征及其驱动因素。结果表明:1979—2019年大汶河流域湿地面积具有增加的趋势,标准椭圆重心大幅向西北迁移;流域湿地具有显著空间自相关聚集特性,全局平均莫兰指数为0.67;湖泊、河流等自然湿地局部莫兰指数呈现“高高”型空间聚集分布特点,在空间上更易聚集,而库塘人工湿地局部莫兰指数呈现“高低”和“低高”型空间聚集分布特点,具有空间分散规律,空间异质性较强;大汶河流域湿地在未受到强烈自然或人为因素干扰的状态下,湿地空间分布聚集程度越高,相关性越显著;1989年大汶河流域干旱事件、2019年东平湖南水北调工程启动等极端灾害与人类活动均导致流域湿地面积、标准椭圆重心、空间聚集性与异质性发生极大波动;东平湖湖泊湿地生态功能的保护与修复对保障南水北调工程水质起着重要作用,是大汶河流域湿地生态功能保障的关键所在。     

潜水流湿地污水处理反应器模型求解

针对潜水流湿地污水处理反应器模型,研究了当Michaelis-Menten方程近似为浓度的非线性(二次幂律)函数情况时的求解方法.利用Adomain拆分方法,得到了问题具有级数形式的近似解析解.本文所采用的方法和技巧可以用来解决当Michaelis-Menten方程近似为浓度的其他非线性函数情况.     

南方丘陵山区湿地氮磷时空变化及影响因素分析

对陈墩库区湿地从2015年9月到2016年8月进行水质监测,通过方差分析和相关性分析归纳总结湿地氮磷浓度变化规律,探究不同植物与湿地氮磷的相互作用。结果表明:陈墩库区TN、TP浓度在不同湿地季节变化有所差异,各湿地TN浓度在春、夏、冬差异显著;TP在冬季有显著差异,其余季节均无明显差异,陈墩库区TN、TP浓度季节变化与进水氮磷浓度和湿地面积、植物类型及生长状况密切相关;不同植物与湿地TN、TP呈现不同的相关性,这与水生植物对氮磷的吸收能力不同有关;轮叶黑藻、再力花、芦苇对氮磷的去除效果较好。     

仿生强化径流型湿地处理草浆造纸中段废水

应用仿生强化径流型湿地系统对草浆造纸中段废水进行处理。运行结果表明,与常规径流型人工湿地处理系统相比,仿生强化径流型湿地系统处理可使有机负荷提高50%,水力停留时间降至30天,处理单元的有效运行周期延长至10个半月。新系统处理效果良好,仿生强化湿地处理出水的CODCr、BOD5、TSS的全年平均值分别可达到189、87.3、45.9mg/L;系统夏季的运行效果优于冬季,全年仅有1—2月份系统不能运行,采取冬存的方式才能保证全年废水达标排放。