A stiffness parameter and truncation error criterion for adaptive path following in structural mechanics

We explore a truncation error criterion to steer adaptive step length refinement and coarsening in incremental-iterative path following procedures, applied to problems in large-deformation structural mechanics. Elaborating on ideas proposed by Bergan and collaborators in the 1970s, we first describe an easily computable scalar stiffness parameter whose sign and rate of change provide reliable information on the local behavior and complexity of the equilibrium path. We then derive a simple scaling law that adaptively adjusts the length of the next step based on the rate of change of the stiffness parameter at previous points on the path. We show that this scaling is equivalent to keeping a local truncation error constant in each step. We demonstrate with numerical examples that our adaptive method follows a path with a significantly reduced number of points compared to an analysis with uniform step length of the same fidelity level. A comparison with Abaqus illustrates that the truncation error criterion effectively concentrates points around the smallest-scale features of the path, which is generally not possible with automatic incrementation solely based on local convergence properties.     

Constructing developable surfaces by wrapping cones and cylinders

We model developable surfaces by wrapping a planar figure around cones and cylinders. Complicated developables can be constructed by successive mappings using cones and cylinders of different sizes and shapes. We also propose an intuitive control mechanism, which allows a user to select an arbitrary point on the planar figure and move it to a new position. Numerical techniques are then used to find a cone or cylinder that produces the required mapping. Several examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique.     

粉土界面恒刚度循环剪切试验研究

竖向循环荷载作用下桩土界面的作用机理是研究桩土摩擦疲劳的关键。针对循环荷载作用下桩-粉土界面的剪切性能,使用改进的剪切试验装置在恒刚度条件下进行循环剪切试验,研究循环次数、累积位移和法向刚度对其摩擦疲劳性能、循环后单调剪切性能的影响。试验结果表明,粉土在循环剪切过程中,法向应力和剪应力在初始10个循环内随循环数增加快速衰减,随着循环进行,逐渐趋于稳定;单次循环内在剪切位移方向变化时,土体呈现表现出剪缩-剪胀-剪缩交替现象,总体变形呈现剪缩的趋势;循环荷载作用下,粉土界面的法向应力和剪应力随法向刚度增大衰减速率增大,达到稳定的累积循环位移越小;粉土循环后的单调剪切、法向应力恢复的单调剪切的剪应力比小于首次单调剪切试验值,且法向应力恢复的循环后剪切试验的剪胀程度较小,表明循环剪切过程中界面处粉土颗粒棱角破碎,颗粒变得光滑。在对试验数据分析的基础上,提出了与累积位移、法向刚度和初始应力相关的无量纲累积位移,建立了法向应力和界面摩擦角随累积位移的衰减方程。     

Thermal Bending Analysis of Doubly Curved Composite Laminated Shell Panels with General Boundary Conditions and Laminations

Thermal bending analysis of doubly curved laminated shell panels with general boundary conditions and laminations is presented. The equations of equilibrium are derived in the form of two coupled sets of ordinary differential equations based on a general shell theory and solved through the state-space approach in a repeated manner. It is depicted that the results of the present method are in great agreement with analytical solutions. Cylindrical shell panels with general boundary conditions and laminations, where no analytical solution is available, are solved. It is found that the present method exhibits a high convergence rate as well as presenting accurate results in all cases.     

Bulging in incremental sheet forming of cold bonded multi-layered Cu clad sheet: Influence of forming conditions and bending

Bulge is a defect that causes geometrical inaccuracy and premature failure in the innovative incremental sheet forming (ISF) process. This study has two-fold objectives: (1) knowing the bulging behavior of a Cu clad tri-layered steel sheet as a function of forming conditions, and (2) analyzing the bending effect on bulging in an attempt to identify the associated mechanism. A series of ISF tests and bending analysis are performed to realize these objectives. From the cause-effect analysis, it is found that bulge formation in the layered sheet is sensitive to forming conditions in a way that bulging can be minimized utilizing annealed material and performing ISF with larger tool diameter and step size. The bending under tension analysis reveals that the formation of bulge is an outgrowth of bending moment that the forming tool applies on the sheet during ISF. Furthermore, the magnitude of bending moment depending upon the forming conditions varies from 0.046 to 10.24 N·m/m and causes a corresponding change in the mean bulge height from 0.07 to 0.91 mm. The bending moment governs bulging in layered sheet through a linear law. These findings lead to a conclusion that the bulge defect can be overcome by controlling the bending moment and the formula proposed can be helpful in this regards.     

一种弯曲抽油杆打捞工具

为安全、快速、有效地解决顶部极度弯曲、径向变形尺寸很大的落井抽油杆打捞难题,研制了一种在套管内打捞弯曲抽油杆的工具。该工具把以往从落物顶端引入打捞改为从落物侧面引入打捞,使复杂的井下故障处理简单化,从而缩短修井周期,减少修井费用,及时恢复油井生产。该项技术先后在江苏油田6口油井上应用,成功率100%,验证了工具的独特性和可靠性。     

径向水平井弯曲转向机构影响因素仿真研究

针对径向水平井钻进中钻杆弯曲转向前进运动困难的问题,通过建立弯曲转向机构仿真有限元模型,对其主要影响因素:滑道轨迹曲率、间隙、工作压力、滚轮形状与位置和钻杆壁厚等用ANSYS软件进行仿真研究。研究表明:影响截面变形的主要因素是滑道曲率的改变和滑道摩擦因数,钻井失败时钻杆所受阻力的增大不是因为升高工作压力导致截面变形过大与滑道干涉所致,钻杆经校直段,钻头中轴线与校直中心线存在一定的角度,即钻杆的前进轨迹就会偏离理论值,或与地层干涉,或可能再次发生弯曲变形;另一主要原因是转向器滑道工作恶化。增加钻杆壁厚,降低工作压力和滑道摩擦因数,设计合理弯曲转向机构是解决问题的关键。     

两种基于弯曲损耗的光纤测试仪器原理及应用

光纤通信技术的飞速发展带动了光纤测试仪器的发展。主要对两种利用弯曲损耗对光纤进行检测的仪器——光纤识别仪、光纤对线器的原理、结构及其在光纤通信工程中的应用进行了阐述，两种仪器可以在不中断光纤通信的情况下对光纤进行检测，极大地降低了对光纤通信系统的影响，对光纤通信系统具有重要意义。     

具有初始弯曲转子振动峰值的控制方法

本文从理论上研究了控制初始弯曲引起的转子振动幅值的一种新方法。通过在与转轴初始弯曲方向成较大夹角的方向添加不平衡质量的方法 ,使转子新的不平衡方向与初始弯曲方向夹角接近 180° ,则可以减小转子在临界转速附近的振幅。无论新的不平衡参数大于或小于初始弯曲参数 ,只要新的不平衡参数不至于太大 ,则临界转速附近的振幅响应肯定会得到改善。特别是当新的不平衡参数近似等于初始弯曲参数时 ,无论转速高低 ,振幅都会大幅下降。当重力参数、外阻尼系数和内阻尼系数改变后仍有同样结论。本文援引文献 [2 ]中的实例对这种方法进行了验证 ,并给出了解决类似故障的步骤。本文的方法可用于处理生产实际中转轴初弯引起的振动问题