触点运动与交互界面按钮设计研究

触点运动特性是人机交互界面按钮设计的依据。该研究以三种不同目标宽度水平和正方形与圆形两种目标形状为控制变量设计实验。对被试的反应时间和正确率进行分析,结果发现：目标大小和形状对触点运动的影响主要体现在触点运动的趋势控制阶段;正方形目标的操作绩效优于圆形;在难度系数较大时反应时间对目标大小的变化比较灵敏。研究结论对交互界面按钮大小和形状的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Gquest: Modeling patient questionnaires and administering them through a mobile platform application

Background

The use of surveys is becoming popular in the health care industry for acquiring information useful to the accomplishment of several studies. Besides their exploitation on a large scale for conducting epidemiological studies, surveys are being increasingly carried out on a narrower perspective through the administration of questionnaires aimed at assessing the quality of life perceived by patients or their clinical status during mid- or long-term treatments. This is useful for managing resources or optimizing and individualizing treatments.

Objectives

This paper describes Gquest, a platform for modeling, generating and administering questionnaires through mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets. Gquest was motivated by the need of administering questionnaires during home treatments, albeit its applicability is rather general. The main requirement was to have a very simple, clean and easy to use platform able to support (a) physicians in the design and delivery of questionnaires and (b) outpatients in sending self-recorded outcomes to the clinical staff.

Methods

Gquest has two basic components. The first one is a model devised for representing questionnaires which is extremely flexible. It allows the generation of questions and answers of different types, supports adaptivity in the dialog with the user and enforces simple consistency rules for checking his input. The second component is an application able to run instances of those questionnaires. It downloads questionnaires over the air in terms of XML files from a server and stores them locally into the mobile repository. Questionnaires become then available to the user, who in our case is a patient or one of his relatives. The user can select which one to fill-in, according to his needs and/or the specific treatment protocol. The selected questionnaire may be filled-in all at once or be completed in subsequent steps over time since any input provided is persisted on a local database. Finally, when a questionnaire is closed all the answers are transparently synchronized to a server for further evaluation or statistical purposes.

Results

The platform has been exploited and tested in two medical domains where questionnaires have very different purposes; a quality of life pilot survey involving patients with atrial fibrillation within the EU-funded project MobiGuide, and an investigation of the users’ needs during the requirements elicitation phase of a telemedicine project for the safe discharge of fragile patients.

Conclusions

Gquest proved to be a suitable tool for dealing with a wide variety of question types and has been positively accepted by the patients enrolled in the pilot study.     

孔口划痕对紧固孔疲劳寿命的影响

本文采用有限元软件对孔口划痕深度分别为50μm和100μm的紧固孔在拉伸时的应力场进行了分析。根据计算结果,采用名义应力法对紧固孔的疲劳寿命进行了估算。讨论了不同位置和深度的划痕对紧固孔疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明：①存在一个影响区域,当划痕处在这个影响区域内时,划痕才会对紧固孔的疲劳寿命造成影响。划痕越深,这一影响区域越大。②在这个影响区域内,划痕越深,划痕越接近于这个影响区域的中心,紧固孔的疲劳寿命越短。     

基于仿真的竞争失效产品综合应力加速寿命试验优化设计

针对竞争失效产品综合应力加速寿命试验存在试验时间长、费用高、效率低的问题,提出一种基于仿真的竞争失效产品综合应力加速寿命试验优化设计方法。采用Monte-Carlo进行仿真模拟,以正常使用应力下的p阶分位寿命渐进方差估计最小为目标,在各应力组合下试验截尾数大小给定的条件下,以试验应力水平大小作为设计变量,利用MLE理论进行统计分析,建立基于仿真的竞争失效产品综合应力加速寿命试验优化设计模型。通过实例分析表明该方法有效、可行,为电子装备寿命预测的加速试验方案优化设计提供技术支撑。     

FES-DP系统及Z参数法评定Cr5Mo钢的剩余寿命

珠光体耐热钢是石化装置常用的炉管材料,针对其在高温服役中的安全评估问题,研究开发了FES-DP高温管线安全评估决策支持系统,并介绍了FES-DP系统的基本结构.针对常用的耐热钢Cr5Mo介绍了寿命评估的基本策略,提出用P=29.608-Z-5.0851gσ表征平行于Cr5Mo钢持久性能主曲线的曲线族,其中Z=0.203(E-1),参数Z表征了持久性能退化程度,E为球化等级.由此可以通过对构件组织的评定来定量预测构件的剩余寿命.     

烟气轮机叶片应力分析与寿命评估方法评述

烟气轮机是炼油厂催化裂化装置的关键设备,合理预测叶片疲劳寿命是保障烟机安全运行的有效手段。从力学建模和边界条件两个方面简要阐述了叶片的应力分析方法,并系统分析了影响烟机叶片疲劳寿命的主要因素,提出了利用改进的局部应力应变法进行叶片寿命预测的合理性和叶片疲劳寿命的评估方法。     

泡菜货架期研究

研究了泡菜自然发酵的工艺及其货架期,结果表明,泡菜自然发酵的最佳条件为:6%的加盐量,发酵温度20℃,加入0.05?Cl2,发酵8~10 d。采用真空包装加冷藏后的泡菜保质期可达1年以上,加入0.05%的防腐剂可以延长保质期和改善产品质量。     

基于ARMA模型的工业电容退化状态研究方法

随着中国制造2025计划的推广,工业电源正处于高速发展期,大型铝电解电容的需求越来越大.电容的故障会令工业流水线中断,产生极大的损失,因此工业电容的寿命预测（RUL）具有重要意义.本文通过对铝电解电容充电状态EIS频谱分析,建立电容的状态的量化模型.根据电容状态量化数据,建立ARMA电容退化预测模型.最后通过美国航天航空局的等效串联电阻EIS频谱数据集进行验证.结果表明ARMA电容退化模型对铝电解电容的状态预测有很大的准确性.     

结构疲劳寿命与破坏概率可视化技术

介绍结构全寿命和破坏概率的可视化技术,针对ANSYS软件疲劳分析能力的不足,基于ANSYS的TCL／TK,APDL和UIDL开发出相应的可视化模块,并采用该模块分析叉车车架的全寿命和破坏概率,得到的结果与实际相吻合．该研究在增强ANSYS软件的疲劳分析能力的同时,提供1种二次开发方法．     

动荷载作用下山区道路边坡耐久性研究

借助威布尔分布函数描述岩坡微元发生破坏前后的存活率,结合损伤力学理论和有限元强度折减法,建立存活率、稳定系数和累积损伤因子的内在联系,实现山区道路边坡在全生命周期内的阶段式预警。结果表明:边坡疲劳稳定系数随疲劳寿命的消耗而降低,具有初期变化敏感、中间缓慢过渡和后期迅速下降的特点,边坡存活率随着剩余寿命和安全系数的减小而减小;边坡全生命周期内的阶段式预警可分为初始蠕变、稳态发展、快速发展、滑动破坏4个阶段,边坡的稳定系数、存活率和道路运营年限均随变形的发展逐渐减小,直至失稳破坏。提出耐久性因子,评价道路边坡在其全生命周期内的耐久性,边坡工程设计中应通过不断调整抗疲劳措施,使其处于稳态发展阶段。研究成果可为边坡工程的安全性与耐久性评价提供有意义的参考。