Sex pheromone of tomato fruit borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis

Five candidate pheromone components were identified by analyzing pheromone gland extracts by gas chromatography (GC), coupled GC-electroantennographic detection (EAD), and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS): (E)-11-hexadecenol(E11–16 : OH), (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11–16 : OH),(E)-11-hexadecenal, (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-3,(Z)-6,(Z)-9-tricosatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9–23 : Hy). In electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, synthetic E11–16 : OH elicited stronger antennal responses at low doses than other candidate pheromone components. Field tests demonstrated that synthetic E11–16 : OH as a trap bait was effective in attracting males, whereas addition of Z11–16 : OH inhibited the males' response. Z3,Z6,Z9–23 : Hy strongly enhanced attractiveness of E11–16 : OH, but was not attractive by itself. A pheromone blend with synergistic behavioral activity of an alcohol (E11–16 : OH) and hydrocarbon (Z3,Z6,Z9–23 : Hy) component is most unusual in the Lepidoptera. The synthetic two-component pheromone is approximately 60 times more attractive than the female-produced blend and might facilitate the control of this pest.     

Sex phermone components of mulberry looper,Hemerophila atrilineata butler (lepidoptera: Geometridae)

(6Z-9S, 10R)-Epoxy-octadecene (SR-1) and (3Z, 6Z-9S, 10R)-epoxy-octadecadiene (SR-2) are sex pheromone components of the mulberry looper (MBL),Hemerophila atrilineata Butler. Compounds extracted from female MBL pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry. In field experiments in China,SR-2,RS-2, or both combined were hardly attractive, butSR-2 in combination withSR-1 attracted significant numbers of MBL males. Synergistic behavioral activity ofSR-1 plusSR-2, but not of corresponding antipode mixtures, indicates enantiospecificity of MBL pheromone communication. Because blends of racemic and enantiospecific (SR)1 plus2 were similarly attractive, racemic1 plus2 may have potential for mass trapping or confusion of MBL males in commercial mulberry plantations.     

Sex attractants for Geometrid and Noctuid moths

Male moths belonging to 17 species of Geometridae and nine species of Noctuidae were captured in traps baited with synthetic chemicals as part of a field screening program. The compounds tested were the C₁₈-C₂₂ homologs of: (1) (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons; (2) mixtures containing equal quantities of (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-expoxydienes, (3Z,92Z)-cis-6,7-epoxydienes, and (6Z,9Z)-cis-3,4-epoxydienes; (3) (3Z,6Z)-9S,10R-epoxydienes; (4) (3Z,6Z)-9R,10S-epoxydienes; and (5) (3Z,6Z,9Z,11E)-nonadecatetraene. Field captures and electroantennographic assays revealed a high degree of specificity in the responses of many species to the synthetic chemicals. In several species the ability of males to discriminate between the 9S,10R and 9R,10S enantiomers of the monoepoxydiene isomers was clearly shown. Synergists and inhibitors were discovered for several of the reported attractants, some of which were not previously known to have semiochemical activity. The geometrid moths captured includedEpirrhoe sperryi (Herbulot),Mesoleuca ruficillata (Guenée),Triphosa haesitata (Guenée),Metanema inatomaria (Guenée),Prochoerodes transversata (Drury),Cabera erythemaria (Guenée),Synaxis jubararia (Hulst),Dysstroma brunneata ethela (Hulst),Eulithes testata (Linnaeus),Sicya macularia (Harris),Xanthorhoe iduata (Guenée),X. abrasaria aquilonaria (Herrich-Schäffer),X. munitata (Hübner),Itame loricaria (Eversmann),Eupithecia annulata (Hulst),E. rovocastaliata (Packard) andE. satyrata dodata (Taylor). The noctuid moths captured includedBleptina caradrinalis (Guenée),Idia américalis (Guenée),I. aemula (Hübner),Rivula propinqualis (Guenée),Lomanaltes eductalis (Walker),Spargaloma sexpunctata (Grote),Caenurgina distincta (Neumuller),Euclidia cuspidea (Hübner), andZale duplicata (Bethune). Six of the nine noctuid species captured belong to three subfamilies for which sex attractants had not been reported previously. Details for the stereospecific synthesis of (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-epoxydienes are also reported.Issued as NRCC No. 24314.     

新型8极9槽永磁同步电机静态场的分析

针对采用分布式绕组的缺点,提出一种采用集中式绕组的新型8极9槽永磁同步电机,并在此基础上改变磁钢的参数,对电机的结构进行优化。     

Diel rhythms of calling behavior and pheromone production of oriental tobacco budworm moth,Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Both calling behavior and titer of (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9-16: Al), the major sex pheromone component ofHelicoverpa assulta, in pheromone glands showed distinct diel periodicity, and these two were synchronous. Calling was most actively performed and the pheromone titer reached a maximum from 2 to 6 h after lights-off. During photophase, no calling was shown and only a relatively small amount of Z9-16:A1 was detected. However, there was a time lag of a few days between peak calling activity and maximum pheromone titer. The pheromone titer was maximal from age 1 day to age 5 days and thereafter decreased while calling was most actively performed after age 3 days. Titers of three minor components, hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate, showed similar daily fluctuation patterns to that of Z9-16:Al, but relative to the titer of Z9-16:Al, the titer of the two aldehyde components remained relatively constant whereas that ofZ9-16:Ac increased in the late scotophase.     

微波辐射下NKC-9树脂催化合成1-萘乙酸甲酯

以NKC-9阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,在微波条件下用1-萘乙酸和甲醇合成1-萘乙酸甲酯.最佳合成条件为:醇酸摩尔比为14:1,催化剂为1-萘乙酸的80%,微波辐射时间为15分钟,微波功率为600瓦,产率为80.48%.     

C5/C9共聚石油树脂的加氢工艺研究

为了得到优质的加氢石油树脂,采用固定床加氢反应装置对C5/C9共聚石油树脂进行了加氢研究。原料为色相（Fe-Co比色法）11#、软化点122℃的C5/C9共聚石油树脂,采用镍基催化剂,反应温度：230-260℃,反应压力：2.0-4.0 MPa,空速：0.5 h-1,氢油体积比：600∶1,制备出色相1#,软化点98℃的水白色加氢石油树脂,考察了加氢过程中各种工艺条件的影响。     

基于联盟链的工业物联网数据存储模型

由于工业物联网数据具备较强的私密性,数据是否能够安全存储成为工业物联网发展的关键问题。针对这一问题,提出一种基于联盟链的工业物联网数据存储模型。为保证数据存储的效率与安全,首先,在原有PBFT算法的基础上搭建节点状态信用评估模型同时增加投票机制;其次,结合节点状态在SM9数字签名算法中设置多密钥生成中心共同参与密钥生成。对模型的吞吐量、共识时延及通信开销进行实验分析,结果表明,该模型相较于传统模型在数据存储、安全性方面得到了进一步保障,降低了黑客攻击并防止数据泄露或被窜改,并在通信开销方面提升了40%。     

利用混合高斯和拓扑结构的人体“鬼影”抑制算法

若在建模时存在目标,部分目标像素会进入背景模型,会在检测时产生“鬼影”。为了有效抑制“鬼影”,提出一种利用混合高斯和拓扑结构(Gaussian mixture model and topological structure,GMMT)的人体“鬼影”抑制算法。算法分为两个阶段,背景建模阶段采用双通道建模,通道一利用混合高斯模型进行预检测,接着利用拓扑结构将分散的人体目标连接获得完整的目标并取其外接矩形,然后将矩形外的像素加入背景模型,经过多帧的建模得到空背景;通道二使用多帧平均法计算背景模型。通过设置建模帧数的阈值T选择建模方式,若建模帧数小于T则使用通道一建模,否则使用双通道联合建模。目标检测阶段利用改进的背景差分法实现人体分割并进一步消除 “鬼影”。经过测试,GMMT在建模阶段存在目标的情况下可有效地抑制 “鬼影”。     

政府体育职能转变的思路与对策

从"举国体制"这一特殊的视角,辩证分析我国体育事业取得辉煌成就的同时存在的明显缺陷,从而在分析举国体制不可持续性原因的基础上,提出社会转型时期政府体育职能必须转变的基本思路和有效对策。政府体育职能的转变的8个方面的对策也符合世界体育发展潮流,符合中国经济社会发展阶段的特征,能发展成为具有中国特色的政府体育运作体制和方式。