从坪头水电站建筑消防设计看防火规范的应用

通过《水利水电工程设计防火规范》、《建筑设计防火规范》、《建筑装修设计防火规范》等防火设计规范在坪头水电站建筑消防设计的实际应用,对防火设计规范执行中有关问题的分析,提出一些建议和看法。     

糯扎渡水电站心墙堆石坝填筑料碾压施工参数试验研究

土石坝填筑碾压试验直接关系到后期填筑质量控制,为大坝填筑提供碾压参数,为后期试验检测提供参考.文章从糯扎渡水电站大坝9种填筑料的碾压试验进行分析、总结,最终确定了糯扎渡水电站填筑施工参数.     

家用电器火灾原因及预防

随着近年来经济的快速发展,各种家用电器、燃气器具的使用日益普遍,引发火灾的因素也随之增加。据统计,每年家庭住宅火灾已占到消防部门查处火灾总数的30%左右,其中因电气线路敷设不符合要求、电器器具使用不当或质量低劣等电气原因引发的火灾占到家庭火灾发生总数的20%左右。为此,做好家庭住宅电气防火安全工作已成为当前人民群众十分关注的一个问题。目前随着我国家用电器的使用数量越来越多,相应的由家用电器引发的火灾数量也在不断增加。     

有机氮化物在镍钼硫催化剂的表面吸附

加氢精制过程中,有机含氮化合物的存在会使得贵金属催化剂或酸性催化剂中毒,同时抑制加氢脱硫（HDS）催化剂的活性,因此研究含氮化合物在催化剂表面的吸附行为有助于了解含氮化合物对HDS反应的作用机理.本研究构建一个周期性的镍钼硫（NiMoS）催化剂超晶胞模型,应用密度泛函理论的方法计算了平行吸附和垂直吸附状态下的吡啶、喹啉、咔唑和吲哚在NiMoS催化剂表面的吸附构型和吸附能.结果表明：碱性分子吡啶和喹啉通过Ni-N键吸附在催化剂的表面上,主要表现为垂直吸附;而非碱性分子吲哚通过吡咯环的β-C键吸附在催化剂表面上,咔唑则主要通过苯环吸附在催化剂表面上,两者均以平行吸附为主.比较两类不同吸附构型的吸附能发现,在NiMoS催化剂表面碱性氮化物的吸附能比非碱性氮化物的吸附能高.氮化物在催化剂表面的吸附过程为放热过程.     

Recycle of valuable products from oily cold rolling mill sludge

Oily cold rolling mill （CRM） sludge contains lots of iron and alloying elements along with plenty of hazardous organic components, which makes it as an attractive secondary source and an environmental contaminant at the same time. The compound methods of ＂vacuum distillation ＋ oxidizing roasting＂ and ＂vacuum distillation ＋ hydrogen reduction＂ were employed for the recycle of oily cold rolling mill sludge. First, the sludge was dynamically vacuum distilled in a rotating furnace at 50 r/rain and 600℃ for 3 h, which removed almost hazardous organic components, obtaining 89.2wt% ferrous resultant. Then, high purity ferric oxide powders （99.2wt%） and reduced iron powders （98.9wt%） were obtained when the distillation residues were oxidized and reduced, respectively. The distillation oil can be used for fuel or chemical feedstock, and the distillation gases can be collected and reused as a fuel.     

潍北凹陷孔二段有效烃源岩再认识

潍北凹陷烃源岩类型丰富,不同类型烃源岩生烃潜力差别较大,但录井岩性与镜下观察存在较多偏差,有必要对其进行重新识别区分。通过对烃源岩取心样品的微观识别,将潍北凹陷孔二段烃源岩划分为灰质泥岩、油页岩和暗色泥岩三类,结合地化分析明确了不同种类烃源岩的生烃潜力,通过岩心标定测井,对各种烃源岩进行了测井识别区分,通过引入△logR模型对暗色泥岩中的有机碳总量进行计算,对有效烃源岩进行了识别,进而明确了优质烃源岩主要分布在盆地中北部,为选择勘探方向奠定了基础。     

Effects of surface-activated coal gangue aggregates on properties of cement-based materials

Effects of calcined coal gangue （CG） aggregates treated by the surface thermal activation on the flowability and strength, and paste-CG aggregate interfaces of the cement-based material were investigated. The experimental results show that the compressive and flexural strength of the cement-based material with the calcined CG aggregates is much higher than that of the material with the natural CG aggregates, but the flowability of the material with calcined CG is significantly reduced with the calcined time. The strength of the material with the calcined CG aggregates only increases little with the calcined time at the same w/c ratio, but is reduced with the calcined time at the same flowability. The CG aggregates calcined by the surface thermal activation obviously overcomes the disadvantages of fully calcined CG.     

The influence of oleic acid on the hydration and mechanical properties of portland cement

To investigate the effects of OA on the portland cement using oleic acid （OA） as grinding aid and the effects of OA on the portland cement, we characterized the different perfermances of the cement, discussed the characteristics of properties. The results reveal that the OA can reduce the water requirement of normal consistency. With the content of OA added, setting time was extended. The OA can significantly improve the rheological properties of cement-based materials, while the compressive strength decreases.     

氧化铌掺杂PbO2电极的制备及降解分散蓝B

采用电沉积法制备氧化铌掺杂的钛基PbO2电极,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学工作站进行表征.结果表明,掺杂氧化铌改变了沉积PbO2的晶型分布,电极表面出现α-PbO2晶型,提高了镀层与基体的结合度及电子传递效率;同时晶体尺寸略有增大,排列规整均匀.氧化铌最佳掺杂质量浓度为3.5 g/L,改性电极的析氧电位上升到1.523 V,阶跃氧化电流达到0.155 9 A,强化寿命延长到702 min,电催化性能和稳定性均有明显提升.利用所制备改性电极降解分散蓝B的最佳降解条件:溶液pH值为2,电解质NaC1浓度为0.7 mol/L,电流密度为40 mA/cm2,1h后脱色率可达89％,脱色动力学可用拟2级反应描述.     

总有机碳分析仪保证太空和地球上的水质安全

对于宇航员在太空中的生活来说,充足的资源非常重要,但由于向太空中运送物资的次数有限,且花费巨大,所以,太空中的很多资源必须循环利用.水作为太空中最重要的资源之一,更是如此.2008年,国际空间站上安装了1台水处理装置(WPA),实现了水资源的循环利用.WPA几乎可回收净化所有的水分来源,如国际空间站的水蒸气、废水、宇航员的汗液甚至尿液等,净化后的水可供宇航员饮用,也可用于制造氧气.WPA每天可回收获得132.5L的水,使每年需运送到国际空间站的水量减少3785L,大幅降低航天发射的载荷成本.