改进ALOHA算法在RFID多目标识别中的应用

RFID系统中,由于多标签引起的冲突一直是影响系统性能的大问题。ALOHA算法是运用比较普遍的一种防冲突算法,在标签数目较少的情况下,现有的ALOHA算法也有较高的效率,但是随着标签数目的急剧增加,算法时间也成指数往上增长,本文提出一种改进的ALOHA算法,在标签总数未知的情况下,动态估计标签数目,以选择合适的窗口大小,获得较高的系统效率。仿真结果表明,跟传统ALOHA算法相比,性能有明显改善。     

基于协议序列的车辆自组织网络信道接入控制算法

 针对如何提高车辆自组织网络无线信道资源利用率问题,提出了一种分布式车辆间通信信道接入控制算法,该算法具体表示为利用中国余数定理设计一种用户保障协议序列,车辆节点(亦称用户)依据该协议序列决定其对通信信道的接入,无需基站或中心节点的协调,所设计的协议序列确保每个车辆节点在一个序列周期内至少成功发送一次数据.仿真结果表明,采用本文提出的协议序列控制算法比无反馈时隙ALOHA接入控制算法具有更小的传输时延,能够满足车辆自组织网络通信实时性的要求.     

食品质量追溯中RFID多标签识别防碰撞算法

针对食品质量追溯中批量标签识别存在的标签碰撞问题,结合帧时隙ALOHA算法和最小均方误差预编码技术提出了一种RFID多标签识别防碰撞算法.该算法在进行多标签识别前,先通过预编码技术对待识别标签进行分组,有效降低多标签间的碰撞.仿真试验表明,改进算法有效提升了RFID多标签识别性能,具有一定的实用价值.     

时隙ALOHA协议下的网络化控制系统协同设计

针对网络化控制系统中信道容量有限的问题,本文提出一种基于时隙ALOHA通信协议的控制与通信协同设计方法.将控制系统的采样周期划分为若干等长度的时隙,在每个时隙中,系统的分布式传感器通过时隙ALOHA协议来随机竞争接入网络.由于在不同的采样周期各个传感器的接入状态不同,整个状态反馈控制系统将在若干子系统之间进行切换.据此,本文建立了离散的切换系统模型,并利用分段李雅普诺夫函数方法和平均驻留时间技术得到了能够保证系统指数稳定的充分条件.然后,给出能够保证控制系统稳定所需的信道吞吐率的界限,进而得到了时隙ALOHA协议中的最大重传次数与控制系统衰减率的定量关系.通过上述方法,本文建立了控制-通信协同设计的框架结构,可将控制器的增益矩阵和时隙ALOHA通信协议进行协同设计.最后,通过仿真验证了本文所提出的协同设计方法的有效性.     

卫星通信网的建模与仿真

卫星通信网是一个规模大、造价高的复杂通信系统,计算机仿真技术作为一种辅助手段具有非常重要的作用。通过仿真,可以简化设计过程,缩短设计周期,避免设计的盲目性,从而节省大量的人力物力。着重介绍了在网络仿真软件OPNET上如何建立一个基于话音业务的ALOHA接入方式的卫星通信网模型,并对该模型进行了仿真。     

一种动态利用码资源的CDMA系统性能研究

本文提出了一种基于随机预约ALOHA访问方式,能支持话音和数据业务的动态使用码资源的码分多址访问协议。在该协议中,话音终端采用预约请求排队访问方式。数据终端采用时隙ALOHA方式传输数据分组。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明,该协议能有效地提高系统码资源的利用率。在系统处于重负载情况下该协议能优先保证话音业务服务质量,而处于轻负载下系统码资源能为数据业务充分使用。     

RFID系统防碰撞算法的研究及其改进

射频识别技术中,防碰撞问题是提高系统读取效率的关键问题。文章在传统防碰撞算法的基础上,分析了ALOHA的防碰撞算法和二进制搜索算法。并提出一种改进的动态二进制搜索算法。利用曼彻斯特编码可以准确识别碰撞位的特性,当读写器检测到碰撞位之后,仅需要记录最高碰撞位和次高碰撞位的位置,并设定这两个位置上的比特数作为下次查询命令,从而使系统的传输数据量、传输时间大大减少,改进后的算法比二进制搜索算法更具优势。     

CMOS image sensors for sensor networks

We report on two generations of CMOS image sensors with digital output fabricated in a 0.6 μm CMOS process. The imagers embed an ALOHA MAC interface for unfettered self-timed pixel read-out targeted to energy-aware sensor network applications. Collision on the output is monitored using contention detector circuits. The image sensors present very high dynamic range and ultra-low power operation. This characteristics allow the sensor to operate in different lighting conditions and for years on the sensor network node power budget. Eugenio Culurciello (S’97–M’99) received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2004 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. In July 2004 he joined the department of Electrical Engineering at Yale University, where he is currently an assistant professor. He founded and instrumented the E-Lab laboratory in 2004. His research interest is in analog and mixed-mode integrated circuits for biomedical applications, sensors and networks, biological sensors, Silicon on Insulator design and bio-inspired systems. Andreas G. Andreou received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science in 1986 from Johns Hopkins University. Between 1986 and 1989 he held post-doctoral fellow and associate research scientist positions in the Electrical and Computer engineering department while also a member of the professional staff at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. Andreou became an assistant professor of Electrical and Computer engineering in 1989, associate professor in 1993 and professor in 1996. He is also a professor of Computer Science and of the Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute and director of the Institute’s Fabrication and Lithography Facility in Clark Hall. He is the co-founder of the Johns Hopkins University Center for Language and Speech Processing. Between 2001 and 2003 he was the founding director of the ABET accredited undergraduate Computer Engineering program. In 1996 and 1997 he was a visiting professor of the computation and neural systems program at the California Institute of Technology. In 1989 and 1991 he was awarded the R.W. Hart Prize for his work on mixed analog/digital integrated circuits for space applications. He is the recipient of the 1995 and 1997 Myril B. Reed Best Paper Award and the 2000 IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, Darlington Best Paper Award. During the summer of 2001 he was a visiting professor in the department of systems engineering and machine intelligence at Tohoku University. In 2006, Prof. Andreou was elected as an IEEE Fellow and a distinguished lecturer of the IEEE EDS society. Andreou’s research interests include sensors, micropower electronics, heterogeneous microsystems, and information processing in biological systems. He is a co-editor of the IEEE Press book: Low-Voltage/Low-Power Integrated Circuits and Systems, 1998 (translated in Japanese) and the Kluwer Academic Publishers book: Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips, 1998. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I.     

重气槽车事故泄漏扩散特点与模拟分析

通过对交通运输中重气槽车泄漏事故分析,重点讨论了有毒重气槽车泄漏事故的危害和导致事故的原因,总结了重气泄漏扩散的特点,并利用ALOHA软件对一起典型重气槽车泄漏事故进行模拟分析,为消防部队的救援与处置工作提供参考。     

基于动态ALOHA算法的RFID反碰撞技术

简述了无源射频识别系统的组成、工作原理及数据碰撞问题。针对射频识别系统的技术要求和应用特点,提出一种基于时分多路的动态ALOHA反碰撞方法,并对其工作原理、可行性及实现过程进行了分析和论证。该方法无需增加硬件开销,应用成本低,适应性强。