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71.
Reviews the book, Forms of feeling: The heart of psychotherapy by Robert F. Hobson. Robert Hobson calls this book his autobiography as a therapist. As such it provides interesting glimpses into some of his more meaningful sessions with clients, illuminating his approach to therapy and enabling the reader to see a master therapist at work. Hobson also presents a new method of therapy, which he calls the conversational model. On this level, his book is considerably less satisfying. Hobson succinctly outlines the general principles of the conversational model and basic skills required of the therapist, but in so doing offers essentially little new information, however valid the points may be. According to Hobson, the conversational model is designed for clients whose problems arise from disturbances in their significant relationships, and those problems are best solved not by talking about them but by being in a relationship such as therapy that provides "a special kind of friendship." Hobson puts great stress on the use of metaphorical language in therapy and learning how to use the language of art as well as of science. He relies heavily on literary quotations, prefacing each section with one or two, and liberally interspersing many more within the pages of text. The net result is not so much illuminating as it is wearisome, and the general tone is slightly pretentious and, when Hobson addresses his "dear Reader" directly, somewhat condescending. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
72.
Paolo Feraboli Attilio Masini Luigi Taraborrelli Andrea Pivetti 《Composite Structures》2007,78(4):495-506
When modern saloon cars are re-engineered as convertibles (or roadsters) it is typical for them to lose 50% or more of the body’s torsional rigidity. Consequently the vehicles rarely handle quite as crisply, nor do they ride as well as the coupes from which they derived. This paper highlights the fundamental contributions of advanced composites in achieving the desired value of handling of the Murcièlago Roadster without penalizing the overall weight of the vehicle. To compensate for the absence of the roof structure, the vehicle was strongly redesigned by introducing new structural members and reinforcing existing critical components. A new all-carbon/epoxy composite sub-frame, which spans the entire engine bay, is comprised of elliptical tubular members, and it is the first of its kind in a production vehicle. Engineering of the sub-frame, from preliminary design to manufacturing decisions, is the focus of this paper, and is achieved through a Building Block approach that sets the program within the Integrated Product Development (IPD) strategy that the Advanced Composites Division of Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. employs for its technology demonstrators. The strategy consists in a concurrent analytical and experimental development of the product, from the initial conceptual design and coupon testing, through the stages of element and subcomponent engineering, to final component manufacturing. 相似文献
73.
The development of autonomous mobile machines to perform useful tasks in real work environments is currently being impeded
by concerns over effectiveness, commercial viability and, above all, safety. This paper introduces a case study of a robotic
excavator to explore a series of issues around system development, navigation in unstructured environments, autonomous decision
making and changing the behaviour of autonomous machines to suit the prevailing demands of users. The adoption of the Real-Time
Control Systems (RCS) architecture (Albus, 1991) is proposed as a universal framework for the development of intelligent systems. In addition it is explained how the use
of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) (Kaelbling et al., 1998) can form the basis of decision making in the face of uncertainty and how the technique can be effectively incorporated into
the RCS architecture. Particular emphasis is placed on ensuring that the resulting behaviour is both task effective and adequately
safe, and it is recognised that these two objectives may be in opposition and that the desired relative balance between them
may change. The concept of an autonomous system having “values” is introduced through the use of utility theory. Limited simulation
results of experiments are reported which demonstrate that these techniques can create intelligent systems capable of modifying
their behaviour to exhibit either ‘safety conscious’ or ‘task achieving’ personalities. 相似文献
74.
Kensinger Elizabeth A.; Shearer Deirdre K.; Locascio Joseph J.; Growdon John H.; Corkin Suzanne 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,17(2):230
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) impair working memory (WM). It is unclear, however, whether the deficits seen early in the course of these diseases are similar. To address this issue, the authors compared the performance of 22 patients with mild AD, 20 patients with early PD and without dementia, and 112 control participants on tests of inhibition, short-term memory, and 2 commonly administered tests of WM. The results suggest that although mild AD and early PD both impair WM, the deficits may be related to the interruption of different processes that contribute to WM performance. Early PD disrupted inhibitory processes, whereas mild AD did not. The WM deficits seen in patients with AD may be secondary to deficits in other cognitive capacities, including semantic memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
75.
Working with survivors of political torture and war trauma can trigger strong emotional responses in the therapist. As more survivors seek treatment, it is essential to identify and develop robust support systems for therapists who help their clients confront nearly unspeakable experiences. The emotional reactions of 6 psychotherapists who worked with traumatized survivors in a refugee treatment center were explored. The psychotherapists' reactions were compared with those of therapists who worked in different treatment settings with other presenting problems. The results of the study show that the strong level of responsibility therapists feel for their traumatized clients may hide an emotional strain and may lead to burnout. Suggestions are offered for supporting therapists in this difficult but important work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
76.
Seeing a talker's face influences auditory speech recognition, but the visible input essential for this influence has yet to be established. Using a new seamless editing technique, the authors examined effects of restricting visible movement to oral or extraoral areas of a talking face. In Experiment 1, visual speech identification and visual influences on identifying auditory speech were compared across displays in which the whole face moved, the oral area moved, or the extraoral area moved. Visual speech influences on auditory speech recognition were substantial and unchanging across whole-face and oral-movement displays. However, extraoral movement also influenced identification of visual and audiovisual speech. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that these results are dependent on intact and upright facial contexts, but only with extraoral movement displays. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
77.
Ti-45Al-10Nb合金的高温氧化行为 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了Ti—45A1—10Nb(原子分数,%)合金在800-960℃在氧气和空气中的氧化行为.结果表明,该合金具有较好的高温抗氧化性能,其氧化增重速率与铁基耐热不锈钢相似或略优.与Ti—50A1合金相反,Ti-45A1-10Nb合金在空气中的氧化增重速率明显低于在纯氧中的氧化增重速率.X射线衍射与能谱分析表明,Ti-45Al一10Nb合金在氧气中的氧化产物主要有TiO2和Al2O3,但在空气中的氧化产物中有TiN相.这是降低氧化速率的主要原因,同时,合金元素Nb稳定了氧化层中的TiN相,因而提高了合金在空气中的抗氧化性能. 相似文献
78.
Cost estimates to guide pre-selection of processes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A process is a method of shaping, joining or surface-treating a material. Process selection has three steps. The first is to identify from the ‘menu’ of all available processes, the subset, which can give a chosen material the desired shape with the desired detail, precision and finish. The second is to choose, from among these, the ones that will do so at the lowest cost. The final step is to investigate the most promising processes in depth, exploring considerations such as availability, in-house experience, safety and environmental issues. The first two steps can be thought of as process pre-selection. Components have to be assembled and finished to create products. Here too, the ability to rank by cost, however crudely, helps guide pre-selection. Cost models are reviewed from the perspective of material and process selection. An approximate model is useful provided it has generality—that is, it must allow comparison of very different processes. Many approaches fail in this. One that works, based on resource consumption, is developed here and its use for selection is illustrated. It has been implemented as part of a tool that allows rapid pre-selection from a database of 112 processes. 相似文献
79.
The catalytic activity of fresh Pd and Pt catalysts supported on γ-alumina in the complete oxidation of CH4 traces under lean-burn conditions was studied in the presence or the absence of water or H2S. Steam-aged catalysts were also studied in order to simulate long-term ageing in real lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles (NGVs) exhaust conditions. Without water or H2S added to the feed, Pd catalysts exhibit a superior catalytic activity in methane oxidation compared to Pt ones, whatever the catalysts were fresh or aged. The addition of 10 vol.% water vapour to the feed strongly affects the activity of the fresh Pd catalyst, thus being only slightly more efficient than the fresh Pt one. H2S has a strong poisoning effect on the catalytic activity of Pd catalysts, while Pt catalysts are more resistant. The fresh H2S-poisoned Pd/Al2O3 catalyst was studied by TPD in O2/He. Poisoning species decompose above 873 K as SO2 and O2 in relative concentrations consistent with the decomposition of surface sulphate species. However, a treatment in O2/He at temperatures as high as 923 K does not allow the complete regeneration of the catalytic activity of H2S-poisoned Pd/Al2O3. A mechanism involving the poisoning of PdO by sulphate species is proposed. Different diffusion processes by which these sulphate species can migrate back and forth between PdO and the support, depending on the experimental conditions, are suggested. 相似文献
80.
Nerea Burgos María Paulis M. Mirari Antxustegi Mario Montes 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2002,38(4):251-258
Pt impregnated metallic monoliths prepared from anodised aluminium foils were tested to study their catalytic activity in complete oxidation of volatile organic compound (VOC) mixtures. The VOCs oxidised were 2-propanol, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone and their mixtures. Complete oxidation was obtained in all cases except for the case of 2-propanol, where acetone was found as an oxidation intermediate. Even if the adsorption of the VOC on the Al2O3 is governed by its polarity, the reactivity is mainly affected by the competition of the oxygen atoms chemisorbed on the Pt particles. 相似文献