聚3–羟基丁酸与4–羟基丁酸共聚物薄膜的微生物降解

以门多萨假单胞菌为降解菌株,研究了聚3–羟基丁酸与4–羟基丁酸共聚物[poly(3HB-co-4HB)]薄膜的微生物降降过程。门多萨假单胞菌对poly(3HB-co-4HB)薄膜的降解可分为慢速降解阶段和快速降解阶段。经10 d的降解,薄膜的降解率可达到94.7%。扫描电子显微镜观察发现,经微生物降解的薄膜表面因降解而形成的孔洞及蚀痕,这些孔洞及蚀痕随着降解时间的增加有着加大和加深的情况。差示扫描量热法分析发现,随微生物降解时间的增加,薄膜的熔点上升,而相对结晶度降低。X射线衍射分析结果也进一步证实了薄膜经微生物降解后相对结晶度的降低。热重分析法也证明薄膜的热稳定性随降解时间增加而下降。     

Palm oil deodorizer distillate as toughening agent in polylactide packaging films

Polylactide (PLA) is the most used biodegradable and biobased food packaging polymer for rigid containers and films. However, its low ductility is a hurdle for increasing its applications in flexible food packaging. A solution is the use of additives. Palm oil deodorizer distillate (PODC) is revealed to be an excellent additive promoting PLA ductility. PODC is a by‐product of vegetable oil refining, which is available in stable quality and in sufficient amounts. Amorphous PLA/PODC blends had an elongation at break of around 130% and that of semi‐crystalline blends was still around 55% compared to the initial 5% of neat PLA. At the same time the PLA rigidity and high glass transition temperatures were kept. PODC was also a very efficient processing aid, allowing for film blow extrusion. The blends were stable in properties during six months without exudation. They complied with legal norms of Food Contact Materials (EU 10/2011) and induced no sensorial alteration of packed food. Therefore PODC is a very interesting alternative to common plasticizers for the production of flexible PLA packaging films. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of strontium doping on the degradation and Sr ion release behaviors of α‐tricalcium phosphate bone cement

Strontium plays important physicochemical and biological roles in the applications of bone repair materials. The available methods of Sr doping in bone cements were believed to make a key effect on the biodegradation and Sr ion release behaviors of cements. In this work, Sr‐doped octacalcium phosphate (Sr‐OCP), Sr‐doped α‐tricalcium phosphate (Sr‐α‐TCP), SrCO₃, and SrCl₂ with different actual availability of Sr²⁺ were imported into α‐TCP bone cements, and their effects on the biodegradation and ions release of cements were comparatively investigated. Incorporation of different Sr carriers had led to distinct hydration morphologies, crystal evolutions, degradation rates, and microenvironments of bone cements during their in vitro biodegradation. Compared with other Sr carriers, Sr‐OCP facilitated the hydration reaction of α‐TCP, which induced the enhanced degradation and Sr ion release behaviors. In conclusion, Sr‐OCP was supposed to be a more potential Sr carrier applied in the synthesis of biodegradable Sr‐doped calcium phosphate bone cements.     

含聚污水微生物降解研究进展

随着聚丙烯酰胺驱油技术在我国油田的大面积推广,含聚污水量也在逐年增加,处理难度逐渐增大。应用微生物降解技术处理含聚污水是一种可行手段,其核心技术是微生物降解聚丙烯酰胺。分析了微生物降解聚丙烯酰胺的机理及评价方法,介绍了微生物利用聚丙烯酰胺作为氮源和碳源的国内外研究进展,对今后含聚污水的微生物处理研究提出了建议。     

正十六烷降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解特性

以正十六烷为唯一碳源进行选择性富集培养,从石油污染土壤中筛选出1株正十六烷降解菌;根据形态观察和自动化鉴定分析,初步确定其为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa);采用气相色谱法测定了其对正十六烷的降解作用。结果表明,该菌株降解正十六烷的作用明显,在pH值为7.0时降解效果最好。     

Utilization of feruloyl esterase and xylanase for the degradation of brewers＇ spent grain

橘青霉以麦糟为唯一碳源培养时,阿魏酸酯酶的最佳发酵时间为60 h,其酶活力可达40.8 mU/mL。在pH值为5.0、45 ℃、料液比1∶30（g∶mL）条件下,取47.5 U/mL的木聚糖酶粗酶液15 mL,加入1.0 g 麦糟的乙醇不溶物,反应12 h后,加入40.8 U/mL的阿魏酸酯酶粗酶液15 mL再反应12 h,阿魏酸和低聚木糖释放率分别为54.1%和161 mg/g （麦糟的乙醇不溶物）。实验结果还表明,阿魏酸酯酶与木聚糖酶存在协同作用,能极大提高麦糟中阿魏酸及低聚木糖的释放率,有利于麦糟的降解。     

白腐菌Panus conchatus降解稻草木素机理研究──(一)低分子木素降解产物各组分的分离及特征

经白腐菌Panusconchatuss发酵15天的稻草用乙酸乙酯进行抽提可有效分离出生物作用后的低分子量木煮降解产物。利用这些低分子降解产物在酸碱度不同的介质以及不同的有机溶剂中的溶解度不同进一步分离、分级和提纯，获得酚类（LP），芳香酸类（LA1—4）以及中性物质三个组份。我们发现LP与LA是降解产物中的主要组份，它们的得率分别为51．1％和34．4％。如此高的LP得率是白腐菌P．conchatus降解稻草木素的重要特征。本文还利用红外光谱和核磁共振技术对LP和LA中最多的一个组份LA—1的可能化学结构特征进行剖析。     

Michaelis–Menten kinetics for enzymatic depolymerization of a linear polyester synthesized from Z‐protected glutamic acid

A biodegradable polyester resin was polymerized from N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L ‐glutamic acid and ethylene glycol. Rhizopus delemar lipase was used as a biocatalyst for the rupture of ester bonds during the hydrolysis studies. Depolymerization was observed to follow a Michaelis–Menten mechanism, with the maximum rate of monomer formation dP/dt_max = 1.12 × 10⁻⁸ mol/s and the rate constant K_m × 2.03 × 10⁻⁴ mol. Subject to initial conditions described by the most probable distribution and Michaelis–Menten–type depolymerization rate expressions, population density distribution dynamics of the polymeric molecules that formed the resin were explicitly described using a deterministic approach. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 514–520, 2001