软件体系结构风格及其应用

本文以一个生产安全受控系统的开发为例,讨论了软件体系结构风格及其应用,首先介绍了通用架构风格,然后根据炼厂规模、工作性质、人员类型的特点,合理分析并选择了架构风格,从总体结构上满足需求,系统主体基于服务的分布式架构风格,在服务子系统中使用B/S、分层结构风格,在PDA子系统采用事件驱动风格,有效地指导系统的设计和开发,降低了系统的维护成本,提高了系统的可重用性。最后分析了实施效果和不足之处,以及改进方法。     

美国《1990年建筑作品版权保护法》评述

在1990年12月以前,建筑作品是作为绘画、图形和雕塑作品获得版权保护的.但是建筑本身被认为是一种实用物品,因而不受版权的保护.然而在1989年3月1日,美国加入《伯尔尼公约》.为了履行公约义务,美国国会通过了《1990年建筑作品版权保护法》(简称AWCPA),对《1976年版权法》进行了相应的修正,建筑作品作为独立的一类作品受版权法的保护,拓宽了建筑作品的保护范围,对建筑作品侵权的认定标准也发生变化.     

基于SSM分析法的安徽建筑业产业结构比较研究

建筑业作为国民经济的支柱产业,应在贯彻科学发展观的前提下认真分析行业发展现状及其未来走势,及时调整产业结构,才能为我国经济社会发展作出进一步的贡献.本文运用SSM方法来比较分析中部五省建筑产业总体结构和建筑业各行业结构状况,寻找我省建筑产业结构的优劣势,为进一步优化我省建筑业结构提供参考意见.     

Harmonizing architectural decisions with component view models using reusable architectural knowledge transformations and constraints

Architectural design decisions (ADDs) have been used in recent years for capturing design rationale and documenting architectural knowledge (AK). However, various architectural design views still provide the most common means for describing and communicating architectural design. The evolution of software systems requires that both ADDs and architectural design views are documented and maintained, which is a tedious and time-consuming task in the long run. Also, in lack of a systematic and automated support for bridging between ADDs and architectural design views, decisions and designs tend to become inconsistent over time. In our proposal, we introduce a reusable AK transformation language for supporting the automated transformation of reusable AK knowledge to component-and-connector models, the architectural design view used most commonly today. In addition, reusable consistency checking rules verify the consistency between decisions and designs. We evaluate our approach in an industrial case study and show that it offers high reusability, provides automation, and can, in principle, deal with large numbers of recurring decisions.     

Modelling user experience with web sites: Usability, hedonic value, beauty and goodness

Recent research into user experience has identified the need for a theoretical model to build cumulative knowledge in research addressing how the overall quality or ‘goodness’ of an interactive product is formed. An experiment tested and extended Hassenzahl’s model of aesthetic experience. The study used a 2 × 2 × (2) experimental design with three factors: principles of screen design, principles for organizing information on a web page and experience of using a web site. Dependent variables included hedonic perceptions and evaluations of a web site as well as measures of task performance, navigation behaviour and mental effort. Measures, except Beauty, were sensitive to manipulation of web design. Beauty was influenced by hedonic attributes (identification and stimulation), but Goodness by both hedonic and pragmatic (user-perceived usability) attributes as well as task performance and mental effort. Hedonic quality was more stable with experience of web-site use than pragmatic quality and Beauty was more stable than Goodness.     

Quantitative analysis of packet-processing applications regarding architectural guidelines for network-processing-engine development

This paper presents a simulation-based profile-driven quantitative analysis of packet-processing applications. In this domain, demands for increasing the performance and the ongoing development of network protocols both call for flexible and performance-optimized engines. Based on the achieved profiling results, we introduce platform-independent analysis that locates the performance bottlenecks and architectural challenges of a packet-processing engine. Finally based on these results, we extract helpful architectural guidelines for design of a flexible and high-performance embedded processor that is optimized for packet-processing operations in high-performance and cost-sensitive network embedded applications.     

The influence of design aesthetics in usability testing: Effects on user performance and perceived usability

This article examined the effects of product aesthetics on several outcome variables in usability tests. Employing a computer simulation of a mobile phone, 60 adolescents (14-17 yrs) were asked to complete a number of typical tasks of mobile phone users. Two functionally identical mobile phones were manipulated with regard to their visual appearance (highly appealing vs not appealing) to determine the influence of appearance on perceived usability, performance measures and perceived attractiveness. The results showed that participants using the highly appealing phone rated their appliance as being more usable than participants operating the unappealing model. Furthermore, the visual appearance of the phone had a positive effect on performance, leading to reduced task completion times for the attractive model. The study discusses the implications for the use of adolescents in ergonomic research.     

An empirical investigation of architectural prototyping

Architectural prototyping is the process of using executable code to investigate stakeholders’ software architecture concerns with respect to a system under development. Previous work has established this as a useful and cost-effective way of exploration and learning of the design space of a system and in addressing issues regarding quality attributes, architectural risks, and the problem of knowledge transfer and conformance. However, the actual industrial use of architectural prototyping has not been thoroughly researched so far. In this article, we report from three studies of architectural prototyping in practice. First, we report findings from an ethnographic study of practicing software architects. Secondly, we report from a focus group on architectural prototyping involving architects from four companies. And, thirdly, we report from a survey study of 20 practicing software architects and software developers. Our findings indicate that architectural prototyping plays an important and frequent role in resolving problems experimentally, but less so in exploring alternative solutions. Furthermore, architectural prototypes include end-user or business related functionality rather than purely architectural functionality. Based on these observations we provide recommendations for effective industrial architectural prototyping.     

An algebraic foundation for automatic feature-based program synthesis

Feature-Oriented Software Development provides a multitude of formalisms, methods, languages, and tools for building variable, customizable, and extensible software. Along different lines of research, different notions of a feature have been developed. Although these notions have similar goals, no common basis for evaluation, comparison, and integration exists. We present a feature algebra that captures the key ideas of feature orientation and that provides a common ground for current and future research in this field, on which also alternative options can be explored. Furthermore, our algebraic framework is meant to serve as a basis for the development of the technology of automatic feature-based program synthesis and architectural metaprogramming.     

Slicing for architectural analysis

Current software development often relies on non-trivial coordination logic for combining autonomous services, eventually running on different platforms. As a rule, however, such a coordination layer is strongly woven within the application at source code level. Therefore, its precise identification becomes a major methodological (and technical) problem and a challenge to any program understanding or refactoring process.The approach introduced in this paper resorts to slicing techniques to extract coordination data from source code. Such data are captured in a specific dependency graph structure from which a coordination model can be recovered either in the form of an Orc specification or as a collection of code fragments corresponding to the identification of typical coordination patterns in the system. Tool support is also discussed.