Study on Adsorption Behavior of Rare Earth Complexes on Nanometer-Size Titanium Dioxide with ICP-AES

Inrecentyears ,rareearthelements (REEs)havebeenwidelyusedinfunctionalmaterials ,cata lystsandotherproductsinindustry ,diagnosisreagentsofmagneticresonanceimaging (MRI)inmedicineandsomefertilizersinagricultureespeciallyinChina .However,asaresultoftheirusage ,moreandmoreREEsaregettingintotheenvironment,andalsointohumanbodyviafoodchain[1,2 ] .Itisnotclearwhetherrareearthelementsareessentialforman ,soitisveryurgenttostudythebiologicaleffectofrareearthelementsinhumanhealthandenvironment .Inthes…     

Speciation of the semivolatile hydrocarbon engine emissions from sunflower biodiesel

Biodiesel fuel is a very attractive alternative to conventional fuel and its effects in the engine performance and regulated emissions have been widely studied. However, the impact on unregulated individual compounds or chemical characteristics of exhaust emissions is not fully characterized. In this paper, the semivolatile fractions of the exhaust emissions of biodiesel blends and conventional fuel have been speciated. The results show great differences between the compounds emitted, especially regarding oxygenated and aromatic species. Likewise, there is a clear relationship between speciated hydrocarbons and other important emissions such as total hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic fraction (VOF) and mean particle diameter (Dm) of PM.     

Selenium Speciation Studies from Soan-Sakesar Valley,Salt Range,Pakistan

Abstract

A regional study of Selenium (Se) speciation in surface waters, groundwaters, and saturation extracts from Soan-Sakesar valley Salt-Range, Pakistan was started in March 1994 and completed in October 1996. Groundwaters, streams, and springs had median concentrations of: total Se 48, 404.5, and 82 μg/l; Se^+VI 40, 350 and 51 μg/l; Se^+IV 8, 48 and 29 μg/l; Se^-II 0, 6.5 and 2.0 μg/l, respectively. The concentration of Se exceeded the recommended water quality guidelines for drinking and irrigation water of 10 and 20 μg/l, respectively. In saturation extracts, median total Se, Se^+VI, Se^+IV and Se^-II were 190, 146, 37 and 7.0 μg/l, respectively. Uchhali, Khabbaki and Jahlar lake water samples had the mean concentration of: total Se 2103, 670 and 297 μg/l; Se^+VI 1777, 470, and 233 μg/l; Se^+IV 291, 166 and 39 μg/l; Se^-II 35, 34 and 25 μg/l, respectively. The Sakesar limestone Formation of Eocene age rich in shales and fossils (median Se concentration 7.2 μg/kg) are considered to be the source of selenium that have enriched soils of Soan-Sakesar valley. Selenim speciation results show the abundance of selenate in all the environmental samples. A linear relationship between Se^+VI and pH (R²= 0.84, 0.58, 0.88, 0.82, and 0.91; significant at the 0.05 level) for groundwater, saturation extract, stream, spring, and lake waters were noted, suggesting that the Se^+VI in the samples is highly associated with pH. Linear relationships were established between Se^+VI and Mg, NO₃, and SO₄ for groundwater (R²= 0.24, 0.16, and 0.64; significant at the 0.01 level) and surface water (R²= 0.96, 0.14, and 0.91; significant at the 0.001 level). This suggests the high concentrations of Mg, NO₃ and SO₄, which strongly adsorb and compete with selenium for surface site, increases the Se^+VI fraction. The results show that the higher percentage of selenate on other species in the analyzed samples is favored by higher pH and oxidizing environments of the valley.     

Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests for Arsenate Removal in Iron Oxide Packed Bed Columns

Arsenate breakthrough in column studies with a porous granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) was investigated in model waters and groundwaters. In this study, the use of rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) initially designed for simulating the removal of organic compounds by granular activated carbon was extended for arsenate adsorption onto GFH. Adsorption kinetic studies and a comparison of laboratory RSSCT performance versus pilot-scale performance suggests that proportional diffusivity (PD) RSSCT scaling approaches are more valid than constant diffusivity (CD) approaches for arsenate onto GFH. Adsorption densities from column tests (qcolumn) were calculated at the point in the breakthrough curve when arsenate equaled 10 μg/L in the column effluent. For a simulated 2.5 min empty-bed contact time (EBCT), a model water (pH=8.6) had qcolumn values of 0.99 to 1.5 mgAs/gGFH versus 0.02 to 0.28 mgAs/gGFH with a comparable pH and EBCT in a natural groundwater. The differences were attributed to the silica, phosphate, vanadium, and other adsorbable inorganics in the groundwater. At pH 7.6 to 7.8, qcolumn values from PD-RSSCTs in the three natural waters were comparable (1.5±0.3 mgAs/gGFH) and higher than CD-RSSCT qcolumn values (0.57±0.26 mgAs/gGFH) in the three natural waters. All the RSSCTs captured changes in water quality (source water and pH) and operational regimes (e.g., EBCTs) and could be used to aid in the selection and design of arsenic removal media for full-scale treatment facilities.     

Sm-EDTMP稳定常数的测定及其在血浆模型中的平衡组分

为了解153 Sm EDTMP 在血液中的平衡组分,采用电位滴定法测定了 EDTMP 的质子化常数和 Sm EDTMP的稳定常数。EDTMP的质子化常数为:lgβ2 =22.69±0.02,lgβ3 =30.54±0.03,lgβ4 =36.93±0.02,lgβ5=42.15±0.01,lgβ6 =45.02±0.03,lgβ7 =46.14±0.02;Sm EDTMP的稳定常数为: lg KSmL=22.62±0.02,lg KSmLH=29.93±0.02,lg KSmLH2 =36.18±0.03。在生理pH条件下,EDTMP主要以LH3 形式存在, Sm EDTMP 主要以 SmLH 形式存在。血浆模型中,在生理 pH 条件下, Sm 主要以带负电荷的SmLH和SmL形式存在,Sm EDTMP通过人体肾脏排泄;在低 pH(pH<6)条件下,以 Sm 柠檬酸组分存在,表明153Sm EDTMP在人体中肝摄取很低。同时,平衡组分中游离 Sm3+ 含量很低,说明 Sm EDTMP有很高的血浆稳定性,不用加入过量配体来防止标记物解离。EDTMP在血浆模型中主要以 LH3 形式存在,没有出现EDTMP的钙配合物组分,说明配体EDTMP不会使患者血钙明显降低。     

难处理硫化矿生物湿法冶金研究进展（Ⅰ）微生物氧化工艺技术研究

生物湿法冶金技术与传统矿业氧化工艺相比，成本低、无污染，具有广阔的工业应用前景。本文着重评述了国内外在浸矿微生物、培养基的优化、细菌的接种量、温度、酸度、矿石粒度、矿浆浓度、浸出液中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)浓度等方面的研究进展。     

氟化钠和8-羟基喹啉联合掩蔽氢化物发生原子荧光法直接测定环境水样中的Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)

研究了氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法 (HG AFS)直接测定环境水样中Sb(Ⅲ )时Sb(Ⅴ )及其他元素的干扰情况 ,选择了最佳掩蔽剂及测定条件 ,表明采用氟化钠和 8 羟基喹啉联合掩蔽在 3mol·L- 1 的盐酸介质中可有效消除各种干扰 ,而且在测定过程中不会引起形态的改变 ,其检测限为 0 .1ng·ml- 1 ,加标回收率在 92 .2 %～ 1 0 5 .0 %之间。     

不同污泥中5种重金属总量与形态分析

研究了吉化污水处理厂两个车间排放的污泥中Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd的含量及形态分布.研究结果表明:采自中和处理车间污泥样品中重金属含量由高到低的顺序是Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd;采自污泥处理车间污泥样品中重金属含量由高到低的顺序是Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd.污泥样品中Cu的含量最高,为8487.58 mg/kg;Cd的含量最低,为2.72 mg/kg.BCR形态分析结果表明,2种污泥中Cu主要以可氧化态和残渣态存在;Zn主要以可氧化态和可还原态存在;Cr主要以残渣态存在;Pb的形态分布较为均匀;Cd主要以可还原态存在.     

放射性核素在氧化物、磷酸盐和黏土矿物表面吸附：热力学和微观结构认识

本文主要以放射性核素在氧化物、磷酸盐和黏土矿物表面上吸附研究为例,概括了放射性核素在固液界面上吸附行为研究的系统方法。主要分为以下7个步骤进行介绍:(1)吸附剂结构、形貌、拓扑性质的表征;(2)吸附剂表面电荷性质表征;(3)表面质子化和去质子化反应的平衡常数;(4)pH、离子强度、吸附质浓度和天然有机质等对放射性核素在固液界面吸附影响;(5)放射性核素在固液界面上的微观形态和空间结构等信息;(6)利用表面配位模型探讨放射性核素在固液界面的吸附机理;(7)采用先进光谱表征技术和量子计算技术对所得吸附机理进行分子或原子水平上的论证。     

Potable water recovery from As, U, and F contaminated ground waters by direct contact membrane distillation process

In this study, the feasibility of the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process to recover arsenic, uranium and fluoride contaminated saline ground waters was investigated. Two types of membranes (polypropylene, PP; and polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE) were tested to compare the permeate production rates and contaminant removal efficiencies. Several experiments were conducted to study the effect of salts, arsenic, fluoride and uranium concentrations (synthetic brackish water with salts: 1000-10,000 ppm; arsenic and uranium: 10-400 ppb; fluoride: 1-30 ppm) on the desalination efficiency. The effect of process variables such as feed flow rate, feed temperature and pore size was studied. The experimental results proved that the DCMD process is able to achieve over 99% rejection of the salts, arsenic, fluoride and uranium contaminants and produced a high quality permeate suitable for many beneficial uses. The ability to utilize the low grade heat sources makes the DCMD process a viable option to recover potable water from a variety of impaired ground waters.