2013版清单计价规范下甲供材料结算探讨

《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》(GB50500-2013)对"发包人提供材料和工程设备"作出规定,但是在实际执行过程中容易发生理解偏差,造成甲供材料结算错误。为规避此问题,本文通过对甲供材供货方式及甲乙双方应承担的责任以及风险进行分析,讨论甲供材供货方式下甲供材料的计算方法,并提出做好结算的三点建议。     

复杂电磁环境评估方法研究

随着信息技术的迅猛发展和应用,战场环境尤其是电磁环境变得越来越复杂,并对作战行动产生着深刻影响,组织对复杂电磁环境的评估也随之变得更为重要。因此,应该着眼复杂电磁环境的评估要求,积极创新评估体系和方法手段。本文通过对复杂电磁环境参数的分析,结合模糊数学理论的特点,提出了一种新的复杂电磁环境评估方法,并构建了复杂电磁环境的模糊评估模型,通过实例证明了该方法评估复杂电磁环境的可行性。由于该方法可以节省大量的人力、物力、财力,因此得到了广泛的应用。     

Addressing the information gaps associated with valuing green infrastructure in west Michigan: INtegrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services Tool (INVEST)

Land use change is profoundly influencing the environmental resources of the Great Lakes region. In West Michigan, population growth and rapid land use change have resulted in urbanization and a loss in the diversity of green infrastructure that provides a variety of benefits–ecosystem services–to regional residents and visitors. To address these changes in land use and cover in ways that are objective, transparent, and defensible, local policy makers need tools to help inform local and regional land use decisions. An interdisciplinary team, engaged by a regional policy organization, developed one such online tool, the INtegrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services Tool (INVEST). INVEST utilizes static GIS maps, graphs, and tables, to help educate local and regional decision-makers about the underlying values of ecosystem services associated with green infrastructure, particularly those services that do not pass through traditional commercial markets. In this article we provide a general overview of the development of INVEST and examine its current application as an educational tool, including the specific challenges associated with addressing the information gaps.     

Sustainability and property valuation: a risk-based approach

The proportion of sustainable property in the total building stock remains small. One reason is that the financial added value resulting from sustainability is not sufficiently taken into account in property valuation due to the tendency of valuations to lag behind market trends. Quantitative information is provided to integrate those aspects of sustainability relating to value into valuations and thereby contribute to the reduction of valuation lag. The Centre for Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability (CCRS) Economic Sustainability Indicator (ESI) measures the risk of property to lose value and the opportunity to gain value due to future developments (e.g. climate change or rising energy prices). Five groups of value-related sustainability features were identified: flexibility and polyvalence; energy and water dependency; accessibility and mobility; security; and health and comfort. By minimizing the risk of loss in value through future developments, those sustainability features contribute to the property value. Their effects on property value were quantified by risk modelling. As an indicator for future-oriented property risk, the ESI is integrated into the discount rate of discounted cash flow valuations. The approach was tested for plausibility and practicability on more than 200 properties.

La proportion de biens immobiliers durables dans le parc immobilier total demeure faible. L'explication tient pour une part au fait que la valeur ajoutée financière résultant de la durabilité n'est pas suffisamment prise en compte dans l'évaluation des biens immobiliers en raison du fait que les évaluations tendent à avoir du retard sur les tendances du marché. Des informations quantitatives sont fournies afin d'intégrer les aspects de la durabilité liés à la valeur dans les évaluations et de contribuer ainsi à la réduction du retard dans les évaluations. L'Indicateur de Durabilité Economique (ESI) du Centre pour la Responsabilité et la Durabilité en Entreprise (CCRS) mesure le risque de perte de valeur des biens immobiliers et la possibilité d'en accroître la valeur du fait des évolutions futures (par ex. changement climatique et hausse des prix énergétiques). Cinq groupes de fonctions de durabilité liées à la valeur ont été identifiés: flexibilité et polyvalence, dépendance vis-à-vis de l'énergie et de l'eau; accessibilité et mobilité; sécurité; santé et confort. En minimisant le risque d'une perte de valeur causée par les évolutions futures, ces fonctions de durabilité contribuent à la valeur des biens immobiliers. Leurs effets sur la valeur des biens immobiliers ont été quantifiés par une modélisation des risques. En tant qu'indicateur du risque prospectif pour les biens immobiliers, l'ESI est intégré au taux d'actualisation des flux de trésorerie actualisés. Cette approche a été testée quant à sa plausibilité et sa praticabilité sur plus de 200 biens immobiliers.

Mots clés: flux de trésorerie actualisés, indicateur de durabilité économique, évaluation des biens immobiliers, modèle de risque, fonctions de durabilité, durabilité, bâtiments durables     

Valuing a wind farm construction: A contingent valuation study in Greece

Our analysis is based on data from a double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation study implemented to elicit public attitudes towards renewable energy generation and their willingness to pay for the construction of a wind farm in the area of Messanagros in the island of Rhodes, Greece. Results indicate that there are significant positive values deriving from the proposed project. Respondents report a mean willingness to pay a premium in their bi-monthly electric bills of €8.86 for the sole purpose of the construction of the wind farm. The estimated economic benefits to the local population are weighed against the investment cost in a cost–benefit analysis to inform policy making and implications for EU energy policy are provided.     

基于实体材料甲供条件下建筑安装工程价格组成探索

 摘要：文章对实体材料乙方自行采购和全部甲供两种方式进行了利弊分析，认为实体材料甲供在抑制三角债、提高工程质量、促进建材产业升级方面有很好的作用。文章分析了现有计价模式存在技术经济相脱离、利润高低与行为相脱离、价格不能反映工程实际价值的缺陷，对基于实体材料全部甲供条件下的计价模式进行了大胆探索，主张加大管理费权重，让利润高低与实际管理水平相联系，增设“技术支持费”计费板块，通过对建筑工程计价构成的调整来引导企业重视管理、主动应用新技术，逐步提高建筑业整体水平、推进建材产业升级。     

Benefits valuation of potable water quality improvement in Malaysia: the case of Kajang Municipality

This article estimates the benefits of potable water quality improvements in Kajang Municipality in the state of Selangor, Malaysia, using the avertive cost method. Households were willing to pay MYR 322 annually to improve potable water quality. This represents about 80% of their average annual water bill. The present value of aggregate benefits over a period of 30 years at various social discount rates ranged from MYR 301 million to MYR 768 million. These estimates can be used as a reference for public investment criteria. The findings suggest that there is merit in an upward revision of water tariffs if they provide improvements in water quality.     

Increasing access to water services: a cost-recoverable pricing model

Pricing policies can serve as a low-cost and effective tool for increasing access to water and sanitation services among poor households while allowing the provider to recover costs. An empirical model is applied to contingent-valuation survey data for water services in Cebu, Philippines. Pricing policies that utilizes a low one-time connection fee and differentiates tariffs based on wealth results in a 3 to 9-fold increase in water services access by poor households over the base pricing policy. The results provide evidence that price-discrimination techniques can be important tools toward achieving greater coverage and financial solvency of important services.