Risk Management and Design of Critical Bridges for Terrorist Attacks

In the aftermath of the September 11th tragedies, the vulnerability of the United States' transportation infrastructure to terrorist attack has gained national attention. In light of this vulnerability, various governmental agencies are looking into ways to improve the design of structures to better withstand extreme loadings. Until recently, little attention has been given to bridges which are critical to our economy and transportation network. This paper summarizes the results of ongoing research to investigate economical, unobtrusive, and effective methods to mitigate the risk of terrorist attacks against critical bridges. It outlines a recommended plan to reduce these threats through proven risk management techniques, lists possible cost-effective security measures, discusses blast effects on bridges, and provides structural design and retrofit guidelines. It also discusses ongoing research oriented towards the development of a performance-based design methodology. In using proper risk management techniques, transportation managers and bridge engineers can mitigate the risk of terrorist attacks against critical bridges to an acceptable level, while ensuring efficient use of limited resources.     

安钢7^#380m^3高炉无料钟炉顶布料规律研究

无料钟炉顶是现代高炉的代表形式。针对安钢炼铁厂7#380m3 高炉布料系统开展研究工作,利用高炉布料理论完善布料工艺。通过研究高炉的布料规律,利用理论联系实际的方法,建立一套用于指导生产的相关布料方程,为实现高质量的布料提供理论依据。     

用于KM6载人航天器空间环境模拟器氦制冷机的系统设计

描述了用于KM6载人航天器空间环境模拟器氦制冷机的系统设计。介绍了制冷循环和纯化方法的选择、系统参数的确定、制冷循环流程图和系统的主要特点。制冷机采用并联的气体润滑透平膨胀机，其设计制冷量为600W(20K)。采用了液氮预冷的布雷顿循环和低温吸附内纯化器。     

带辅助气室橡胶空气弹簧的冲击特性分析

针对冲击隔离研究需要，建立了带辅助气室橡胶空气弹簧的物理模型。考虑到空气弹簧承载力和囊内容积与橡胶囊形变的关系难以用数学解析式描述，系统冲击响应采取数值计算方法，该方法将模型控制方程转化为差分形式，并在方程数值求解中嵌入橡胶囊形变的有限元分析。利用上述解法，对橡胶空气弹簧冲击隔离特性进行了研究，并分析了有关影响参数。     

稀油密封干式煤气柜活塞倾斜原因分析及处理

对造成煤气柜活塞倾斜的原因进行了分析，论述了应采取的措施。提出了在实际生产中要加强运行方式的管理，合理操作，避免发生活塞倾斜。     

Pressurised chamber design for conducting rolling contact experiments with liquid refrigerant lubrication

A novel pressurised chamber was designed to construct a special purpose test rig to achieve saturated liquid state of refrigerants for lubricated rolling contact fatigue experiments. Traditional bench testing using refrigerants as the lubricant is difficult due to the gaseous phase at standard atmospheric conditions. Pressurising the concentrated contact test chamber is therefore necessary to evaluate at a liquid state and therefore simulate practical applications. The gas/liquid phase transitions have a significant influence on the lubricant properties and hence wear mechanisms. It is necessary to modify the wear test conditions for the Hydrocarbon (HC) and Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants to obtain realistic simulation of refrigerator compressor tests. The chamber design and test rig are described in this paper. A preliminary experimental study of the influence of the HC (R600a) on rolling wear of the silicon nitride (Si₃N₄)/steel elements using the pressurised chamber is presented. Rolling fatigue test methods are adopted to measure the wear performance of silicon nitride/steel bearing materials. In this case the rolling wear mechanisms of Si₃N₄ were measured using R600a refrigerant lubrication.     

Development of a Position Sensitive Neutron Detector with High Efficiency and Energy Resolution for Use at High-Flux Beam Sources

We are developing a high-efficiency neutron detector with 1 cm position resolution and coarse energy resolution for use at high-flux neutron source facilities currently proposed or under construction. The detector concept integrates a segmented ³He ionization chamber with the position sensitive, charged particle collection methods of a MicroMegas detector. Neutron absorption on the helium produces protons and tritons that ionize the fill gas. The charge is amplified in the field region around a wire mesh and subsequently detected in current mode by wire strips mounted on a substrate. One module consisting of a high-voltage plate, a field-shaping high-voltage plate, a grid and wire strips defines a detection region. For 100 % efficiency, detector modules are consecutively placed along the beam axis. Analysis over several regions with alternating wire strip orientation provides a two-dimensional beam profile. By using ³He, a 1/v absorption gas, each axial region captures neutrons of a different energy range, providing an energy-sensitive detection scheme especially useful at continuous beam sources.     

爆炸冲击波作用下核电站安全壳动力分析模型

根据某国防科研课题，建立核电站安全壳在爆炸冲击波作用下的动力分析模型，讨论并分析了质点杆模型在安全壳预应力混凝土结构中的应用。质点杆模型可用于计算爆炸冲击波作用下的结构响应。     

预应力钢筋混凝土安全壳侵彻数值模拟分析

应用显式动力有限元程序，对核反应堆预应力钢筋混凝土安全壳进行了卵形头弹体侵彻数值模拟分析。采用HJC混凝土累积损伤材料模型，采用分离式三维有限元计算模型，分析了预应力钢束及预应力对弹体侵彻过程的影响。     

Y岔圆形调压井洞室围岩稳定和锚杆支护分析

采用三维非线性有限元弹塑性损伤力学对琅琊山地下电站的Y岔圆形调压井的洞室围岩进行了分析计算,对各种工况下的围岩稳定和支护参数的合理性进行了评述.根据岩体损伤开裂后的应力应变关系,提出了变损伤刚度迭代计算方法,有效地反应了岩体损伤开裂后的围岩破坏特性;采用隐式锚杆柱单元模拟锚杆的支护效应,合理地反应了洞室开挖过程中的锚杆支护受力特性.通过对地下Y岔圆形调压井洞室围岩稳定分析计算,论证了该方法的可行性与合理性,为同类地下工程问题演示了一套完整的分析计算方法.