微量金属元素对乌桕类可可脂氧化稳定性研究(Ⅰ)

油脂中的微量金属元素是影响油脂氧化稳定性的重要因素之一。为评价金属元素对乌桕类可可脂(CTCBE)氧化稳定性的影响,本研究以天然可可脂(CB)作对照,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对CTCBE及CB中的微量元素铜、铁、锰、铬、钴、镍、铝、钡进行测定,并用烘箱贮藏法测定它们的氧化稳定性能。结果表明,CTCBE及CB中的这些元素,含量大部分都较低,但Cu、Fe含量比CTCBE还要高,可是CB的氧化稳定性好,而CTCBE极易氧化酸败。     

类可可脂及可可脂氧化影响因素与稳定性关系研究

本文借助纸层析、HPLC和ICP -MS对乌桕类可可脂 (CTCBE)及天然可可脂 (CB)中的胡萝卜素、生育酚和现行量金属元素Cu、Fe、Mn、Cr、Co、Ni、Al、V进行了分析 ,并用烘箱贮藏法评价CTCBE及CB的氧化稳定性。结果表明 ,CTCBE及CB都具有较高含量的Cu和Fe ,但CB与CTCBE相比 ,CB含有较多胡萝卜素和生育酚 ,而CTCBE不含。这是CB稳定性比CTCBE好的原因     

Co-metabolism of citrate and maltose byLactobacillus brevis subsp.lindneri CB1 citrate-negative strain: effect on growth, end-products and sourdough fermentation

Growth, substrates and end-product formation of the maltose and citrate co-metabolization byLactobacillus brevis subsp.lindneri CB1 citrate-negative strain were initially studied in synthetic medium. Compared to maltose (19 g/l) fermentation, the co-metabolization of maltose (10 g/l) plus citrate (9 g/l) caused faster cell growth, increased the concentrations of lactic acid and especially of acetic acid (from 0.7 g/l to 2.9 g/l), produced succinic acid (0.5 g/l) and reduced ethanol synthesis. Highest activities of acetate kinase, the same of lactate dehydrogenase and a reduced alcohol dehydrogenase activity were detected in cytoplasmic extracts of cells growing on maltose plus citrate. The breakdown of citrate depended upon the continuous presence of maltose in the growth medium. Upon depletion of citrate, the cells continued through the normal maltose fermentation, having a diauxic metabolic curve as shown by impedance measurements. Concentrations of citrate from 3 g/l to 15 g/l led to increases of acetic acid from 1.25 g/l to 5.55 g/l. Since maltose was naturally present during sourdough fermentation, the addition of 9 g citrate per kg wheat dough enabled the co-metabolization of maltose and citrate byL. brevis subsp.lindneri CB1. Compared with traditional sourdough fermentation, faster cell growth, a higher acetic acid concentration and a reduced quotient of fermentation were obtained by co-metabolism.     

Selection of minimal tripping times for distance protection using fault trees with time dependencies

Correct coordination between protection relays is an essential requirement to maintain stability and integrity of electrical power systems. Time settings of protection relays have to be adapted to time characteristics of electrical power systems and time settings of other protections. In the paper, fault trees with time dependencies (FTTD) are used for selecting time delay settings of remote back-up distance protections. In FTTD, events and gates are characterized by time parameters, which are derived from time characteristics of protection devices and the inherent delays of protection equipment. Two case studies are presented. First, the coordination of protections for the simple transmission line composed of two identical sections is studied. Next, the transmission line that contains two sections of different lengths and transformer between them is analyzed. In both cases, formulae for time delays of protections are derived. According to calculations executed for the first case, our method gives time delays that often are significantly smaller than values suggested by generally recommended and accepted rules.     

成核剂对聚乙烯/炭黑复合物的形态及PTC特性的影响

借助 WAXD、SAXS、DSC等手段研究了成核剂的引入对聚乙烯 /炭黑导电复合体系的结晶行为、聚集态结构的大尺寸效应及 PTC特性的影响。结果表明 ,成核剂的引入对结晶度的影响不大 ,但却使得基体的微晶尺寸、长周期等变小 ;从而改善了导电复合物的 PTC特性 ,提高了材料的开关性能 ,并改善了阻 -温曲线的重复稳定性。     

Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabidiol but Not Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rat Hippocampal Slices Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation: Studies with Cannabis Extracts and Selected Cannabinoids

(1) Background: Over the past 10 years, a number of scientific studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of cannabinoid compounds present in the Cannabis Sativa and Indica plants. However, their role in mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration following cerebral ischemia is yet unclear. (2) Methods: We investigated the effects of Cannabis extracts (Bedrocan, FM2) or selected cannabinoids (Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabigerol) in rat organotypic hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro model of forebrain global ischemia. Cell death in the CA1 subregion of slices was quantified by propidium iodide fluorescence, and morphological analysis and tissue organization were examined by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. (3) Results: Incubation with the Bedrocan extract or THC exacerbated, whereas incubation with the FM2 extract or cannabidiol attenuated CA1 injury induced by OGD. Δ⁹-THC toxicity was prevented by CB1 receptor antagonists, the neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol was blocked by TRPV2, 5-HT1A, and PPARγ antagonists. Confocal microscopy confirmed that CBD, but not THC, had a significant protective effect toward neuronal damage and tissue disorganization caused by OGD in organotypic hippocampal slices. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that cannabinoids play different roles in the mechanisms of post-ischemic neuronal death. In particular, appropriate concentrations of CBD or CBD/THC ratios may represent a valid therapeutic intervention in the treatment of post-ischemic neuronal death.     

PA1 01 O/CB、PE/CB体系的PTC效应研究

研究了炭黑(CB)含量对LDPE、HDPE、PA1010电阻率的影响,以及LDPE/CB、HDPE/CB、PA101/CB复合体系的电阻-温度特性,发现PA101/CB体系的正温度系数(PTC)转变温度较高,但与HDP/CB体系相比,其PTC强度却很低,不适于制备PTC材料.HDPE/CB体系在160℃附近具有较高的PTC效应,且辐射交联可消除其负温度系数(NTC)效应,容易加工成型,是制备低温区PTC材料的较好体系.     

1-(5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)-3-(吡啶-3-基甲基)脲的合成

以5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸与二氯亚砜为起始原料,经酰氯化反应、酰胺反应、霍夫曼重排以及水解反应生成中间体5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-3-氨基-4-甲基-1H-吡唑,再经过与氯甲酸苯酯反应、胺酯交换反应得到标题化合物,其结构经1HNMR、MS谱确证,总收率26.9%。     

CB／A14型低噪声内啮合齿轮泵结构分析

以CB／A14型内啮合齿轮泵为研究对象,详细讨论了该齿轮泵的齿轮结构特点,主要包括齿轮材质选择、结构确定和齿轮参数的选择。最后还介绍了CB／A14的流量脉动与密封情况。理论研究和实际应用表明,该泵承载能力大、效率高、工作噪声低,具有很好的发展前景。     

Synthesis and UV curing kinetics of rapidly UV‐curable hyperbranched polycarbosiloxanes

Hyperbranched polycarbosiloxanes with peripheral photo‐crosslinkable groups were synthesized through controllable hydrosilylation reaction from A₂‐type and CB₃‐type monomers. The polymerization of the monomer pairs was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, from which it was found that vinyl silane and methacrylate groups reacted with hydride silane from the beginning of the reaction. The results thus suggest a step‐by‐step polymerization rather than a two‐step process for this system. The polycarbosiloxanes could be cured rapidly in either nitrogen or air atmosphere, this feature making them attractive for potential application as precursors of advanced ceramic devices with complex structures. The effects of light intensity, reaction temperature and atmosphere on the UV curing rate (R_p) and conversion (α) of the photo‐crosslinkable groups were characterized carefully, and the curing kinetics was also investigated systematically. The results show that R_p and α increased with an increase of light intensity or temperature, and that the inhibiting effect of oxygen in air could be suppressed by enhancing the irradiation intensity. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry