"Major depression: A comparison of the routes to prevention": A reply to O'Neill.

Responds to the comments by P. O'Neill (see record 2007-08996-001) on C. G. Costello's original article, "Major depression: A comparison of the routes to prevention" (see record 1986-17712-001). In his comment, O'Neill described the current author's paper as "essentially a polemic against the viability of preventive strategies for alleviating the impact of social problems on psychological well-being." O'Neill asserted that a lack of understanding of how preventive interventions really work is apparent in the hypothetical examples Costello offered. In the response presented here, Costello addresses the criticisms of his paper in their order of presentation in O'Neill's commentary. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Racial identity, racial attitudes, and race socialization among Black Canadian parents.

The primary aim of this study was to examine the influence of racial identity on the socialization strategies used by Black parents to deal with issues of racism and discrimination. The Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI) was used to capture the complexity of Black identity and to provide a framework for the study of the socialization process. Ninety-one Black Canadian parents responded to measures of racial identity (e.g., identity centrality, racial ideologies), racial appraisals (e.g., concern for stereotyping), and socialization practices (e.g., preparation for bias). Racial identity measures were hypothesised to predict racial appraisals and socialization behaviours, while racial appraisals were expected to predict socialization behaviours. Furthermore, racial salience was expected to moderate the relationship between racial ideologies (e.g., nationalist ideology) and socialization behaviours. Although this latter hypothesis was not supported, the Sellers model did provide a useful theoretical framework for understanding the socialization practices of Black Canadian parents. Parents were more likely to socialize their children when they endorsed a humanist ideology and when they perceived their children as being likely targets of stereotyping and discrimination. These findings underscore the need for multidimensional measures of identity to obtain a more complete picture of the socialization process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

世界钾资源研究系列之二——国外典型钾盐公司概况

世界钾盐资源分布的严重不均形成了世界钾盐市场的高度垄断局面,简述了全球九大钾盐生产企业情况,主要介绍了世界第一、二、八大钾盐公司—加拿大Potashcorp公司、俄罗斯乌拉尔钾肥公司(Uralkali)、约旦阿拉伯钾盐公司(APC)三家公司的资源概况、采矿、选矿工艺、生产运营等情况,为我国企业更好的了解国外市场,并积极走出去提供信息支持。     

中国企业投资加拿大矿业实务分析

本文从加拿大税制、海外投资架构、境外中间持股公司设立和维护和在加拿大注册公司四个方面对在加拿大矿业投资实务进行了总结和分析,加拿大矿业投资主要涉及的税种包括企业所得税、资本利得税、预提税等。为使税负最优,多采用两种间接持股的海外投资架构,本文具体分析了两种架构的税负效果,并结合管理层级、成本及未来投资规划方面对两种架构进行了比较。境外中间持股公司通常设在香港和卢森堡,本文总结了设立、维护中的程序和要求,以及适用的税制。除购买矿业公司股权外,也会在加拿大设立公司开展矿业投资、风险勘查等业务,文章提示了设立时通常关注的重要事项。     

国际化工高等教育见闻——加拿大访问侧记

加拿大的多伦多大学（University of Toronto）、滑铁卢大学（University of Waterloo）、西安大略大学（University of Western Ontario）、麦克马斯特大学（McMaster University）是4所世界著名大学,他们的化工学科在国际上享有较高的声誉。本文介绍了这4所大学的化工系在教学相关方面的一些经验和做法,同时介绍了国际化工前沿研讨会上关于化工高等教育的讨论和思考,希望为我国的化工高等教育的发展提供有益的借鉴和参考。     

The impact of facilities and service-based competition on internet services provision in the Canadian broadband market

A variety of studies have focused on the effect of competition in broadband markets on increasing broadband penetration rates. Few studies however have focused on the extent to which competition also results in innovation in the marketplace, as demonstrated by increased broadband speeds, and other improvements that provide value to broadband users. This paper considers the effectiveness of market competition as a means of encouraging broadband providers to offer innovative services that meet citizens’ increasing needs for affordable high quality and high speed broadband connectivity. The study focuses on the provision of broadband services in Canada, a country where consumers were early adopters of broadband and where the policy environment has encouraged competition in the broadband market from its inception. Drawing on data from the OECD and the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), the paper demonstrates that Canada’s regulatory regime does not appear to be sufficient to enable a competitive marketplace that results in the provision of innovative broadband services.     

Analysis of factors related to illegal tobacco sales to young people in Ontario

OBJECTIVE: To identify and to discuss factors influencing illegal merchant sales of tobacco to underage people in Ontario, Canada. DESIGN: Results were obtained through random retail compliance checks of tobacco merchants. A multivariate analysis specified the relationship between selected independent variables and the willingness of tobacco merchants to sell to minors. The selected independent variables included retail operation type, community population size, the presence of tobacco production, signage, sex and age of volunteers, smoking prevalence rates, and enforcement rates. PARTICIPANTS: A random, stratified sample of 438 tobacco retailers in 186 communities in Ontario. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Willingness of merchants to sell tobacco to minors. RESULTS: Older youths and girls were more likely to be sold tobacco products. Purchase attempts carried out in tobacco-producing regions were also statistically related to illegal sales. CONCLUSIONS: Policy efforts to control youth access to tobacco in Canada may need to invoke legislation requiring merchants to request proper identification from customers who appear to be under the age of 25, and who seek to purchase tobacco products. Further attention could also be directed at tobacco control policies and enforcement strategies that need to consider the unique challenges faced by jurisdictions where the tobacco industry is a powerful presence.     

What drives public acceptance of second-generation biofuels? Evidence from Canada

North American publics are currently much more supportive of second-generation biofuels than of conventional biofuels like corn-based ethanol. But what is the likely future trajectory of consumer acceptance of advanced biofuels? This study considers whether increased awareness of the potential unintended consequences of increasing the production of advanced biofuels could lead to a decline in public support for the technology. Using an experiment embedded in an original survey of Canadian adults, we test for the effect of two anti-biofuels arguments on Canadians' support for policies meant to encourage the production of biofuels. We find that support for biofuels policies was reduced in our experiment when respondents were exposed to an argument about the potential impact of biofuels production on food prices and when they were told that the use of woody biomass as a feedstock for the production of cellulosic biofuels might lead to an increase in commercial logging. In both cases, however, support was reduced only among respondents who did not perceive climate change to pose a significant risk. Overall, our results suggest that public support for advanced biofuels is potentially vulnerable to arguments that focus on the unintended consequences of producing biofuels from non-food feedstocks.     

Standard requirements and multi-storey housing design

The proportion of multi-storey housing in the USSR virtually trebled in the past decade from 5.5 per cent to 16 per cent. In cities like Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev it approaches 80 per cent. This paper by a woman architect closely concerned with the problem explains the role of the standard requirements laid down in the Soviet Union.     

MASS BALANCE CALCULATIONS FOR DIFFERENT MODELS OF HYDROCARBON MIGRATION IN THE JEANNE D'ARC BASIN,OFFSHORE NEWFOUNDLAND

Basin and petroleum systems modelling is a powerful tool in petroleum exploration, but uncertainties remain in terms of the evaluation of a petroleum accumulation's size and quality, even when the petroleum system is well known and the latest modelling technology is applied. In order to interpret the results of a modelling exercise, it is necessary to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the various possible approaches used to assess petroleum migration and accumulation. This paper attempts to compare the influence of different migration modelling techniques – the flowpath, Darcy “hybrid” and invasion percolation approaches – on basin‐wide mass balance calculations for a temperature‐ and pressure‐calibrated, numerical four‐dimensional basin model. The study was performed using PetroMod® software. The study area is the well‐known Jeanne d'Arc Basin located offshore Newfoundland, eastern Canada. Model predictions were verified against pre‐existing data including the quantity and quality of discovered hydrocarbons in the basin. Modelling results showed that the Darcy method produced substantially different results compared to the other migration techniques and this was due to the high accumulation efficiency. The flowpath method, and a combination of flowpath and Darcy methods (referred to as the “hybrid” method) yielded similar results; furthermore, the hybrid method predicted the petroleum composition quite accurately. The invasion percolation method gave similar results to the hybrid approach, but little or no variation in API and GOR across the basin was predicted. The adsorption model initially applied did not adequately reproduce the natural behaviour of source rocks with respect to petroleum expulsion efficiency. Therefore a revised model was implemented in which the adsorption capacity was reduced with increasing maturity. This revised adsorption model led to more realistic volumes of hydrocarbons being retained within the source rock. The application of this approach had only a minor impact on the volume and quality of the petroleum present in the reservoir units.