加拿大商品木浆的特性及其对纸张性能的影响

对加拿大几种重要的漂白针叶木浆的特性及其对纸张性能的影响进行了分析,为正确合理地选用加拿大商品木浆提供了依据.     

加拿大进口肉类监控体系简介

肉类产品是一类高风险食品,为有效控制进口肉类的风险,加拿大实施了严格的准入和监管制度。2014年4月,加拿大批准以我国本地产禽肉原料热加工后出口,首次打开北美市场,对全国禽肉企业拓展美洲等新兴高端市场起到了积极的示范作用。为推动我国肉类输加更加便利、顺畅,扩大对加拿大肉类贸易,本文介绍了加拿大进口肉类检验监管机构和职责以及加拿大对进口肉类的要求,特别是加拿大肉类进口监控体系的相关情况,包括：出口国肉类监管体系的等效性评估、注册企业和产品的批准;入境口岸控制;跟踪和信息;进口肉类产品的检验程序,旨在帮助我国政府相关部门和企业全面、深入了解加拿大进口肉类检验监管制度,以采取针对性措施促进肉类产品对加出口。     

加拿大烤烟生产和品种的选育推广

在实地考察和资料调研的基础上归纳了加拿大烟叶生产的组织管理、烟区生态条件、育种方法、新品种选育推广及其配套栽培技术等为主要内容的烟草科研与生产情况,着重叙述了以品种选育利用为中心的育种技术、烟田轮作制度等配套技术措施。      

加拿大碧玉

加拿大是软玉的主要产地之一。采用常规的宝石学研究方法对加拿大碧玉的宝石学特征进行了初步研究。结果表明，该类碧玉主要是由透闪石－阳起石类质同像系列矿物组成，矿物成分主要为透闪石，并含有少量阳起石、透辉石、绿帘石、斜黔帘石、磁铁矿、黄铁矿等杂质矿物。其结构主要为纤维状、柱纤状、粒纤状变晶结构、局部为放射状或帚状变晶结构等，以纤维状变晶结构最为常见。认为杂志组分、结构类型、颜色、光泽、透明度等决定了加拿大碧玉的品质。     

Canadian National Dairy Study: Herd-level milk quality

The objective of this study was to estimate Canadian national milk quality parameters and estimate the bulk tank milk (BTM) prevalence of 4 mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma bovis, and Prototheca spp., on Canadian dairy farms. A questionnaire was sent to all Canadian dairy producers. Of the 1,062 producers who completed the questionnaire, 374 producers from across the country were visited and milking hygiene was assessed. Farm-level milk quality data for all Canadian dairy producers was collected from the provincial marketing boards and combined with the questionnaire and farm visit data. In addition, a BTM sample was collected either during the farm visit or by the marketing board in November of 2015 and was tested for 4 major mastitis pathogens using the PathoProof Mastitis Major 4 PCR Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA). Apparent herd-level prevalence was 46% for S. aureus, 6% for Prototheca spp., 0% for M. bovis, and 0% for Strep. agalactiae. Due to the low prevalence of M. bovis and Strep. agalactiae and a lack of significant factors associated with farms testing positive for Prototheca spp., an association analysis could only be carried out for Staph. aureus-positive farms. Factors associated with Staph. aureus-positive farms were not fore-stripping cows before milking (odds ratio = 1.87), milking with a pipeline system (odds ratio = 2.21), and stall bases made of a rubberized surface (mats and mattresses), whereas protective factors were using blanket dry cow therapy (odds ratio = 0.49) and applying a tag or visible mark on cows known to have chronic mastitis infections (odds ratio = 0.45). The Canadian national production-weighted geometric mean somatic cell count was determined to be 208,000 cells/mL. This is the first national dairy study conducted in Canada. Participating farms had higher milk yield; were more likely to have a loose housing system, parlor, or automated milking system; and had lower weighted mean BTM somatic cell count than the national level. Sampling larger farms with better milk quality means the apparent prevalence of the 4 mastitis pathogens likely underestimates the true levels.     

Community psychology: Accomplishments and challenges: Comment on the special section.

The papers in this special section review contributions of Canadian community psychologists and they also look forward, suggesting ways in which the field might evolve in this country. This discussion paper comments on the papers and puts them in the broader context of psychology and public policy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The rates of emissions of fine particles from some Canadian coal-fired power plants

Particles emitted from three coal-fired power plants burning subbituminous coals from Alberta, Canada were examined for total particulate matter (PM) and size fractions PM_>10, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5. The sampling was carried out following EPA Method 201A, which requires a 6 inch port. Three tests were performed at each station. The rates of emitted particulates from the three power plants are 9.9-53.4 mg/m³ (dry), 30-90 kg/hr (dry), and 0.039-0.118 kg/MWh, respectively. The emission rates of the various particle sizes for these three power plants are 8.7-39.5 kg/hr of PM_>10, 10.7-40.8 kg/hr of PM₁₀, and 9.65-10.7 kg/hr of PM_2.5. The present results indicate that 29-44% of emitted particles are PM_>10. The total emissions of particulates from two power plants are below the Canadian Guideline for emission from a coal-fired power plant (0.095 kg/MWh), while the third power plant is slightly higher than the Guideline (0.118 kg/MWh).The malfunctioning of control technology may result in unrealistic and wide variation in the measured rates of emitted particles.     

加拿大的大学评议会特征研究

加拿大的大学评议会是大学章程明确规定的、正式的大学治理机制。加拿大独特的“软联邦”的教育体制、健全的大学章程以及发展过程中面临的财政与政策压力,逐渐形成了其规模不等、成员多样,组织清晰、信息透明,权限不一、职责模糊的特征。分析加拿大大学评议会的特征及其形成原因对我国高校学术委员会建设具有借鉴意义。     

Data privacy and residential smart meters: Comparative analysis and harmonization potential

Building on privacy principles of the Fair Information Practice Principles and the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation, the study compares national policies and programs in Europe and North America and identifies prevailing practices for implementing privacy goals for residential energy customers: customer opt-out policies, sampling and sharing guidelines, independent data storage, and governmental enforcement authority. The analysis provides the basis for privacy standards that could apply to advanced-metering customer data across countries, even with rapidly evolving technology.     

The Tough Minded and the Tender Minded: A Pragmatic Turn for Sustainable Development Planning and Policy

Among the many approaches being taken to sustainable development planning and policy, a basic dichotomy exists. The dichotomy is the classic one recognized over a century ago by pragmatist philosopher William James—between the tough minded and the tender minded, or in this case, those who trust in more and better information to address sustainability challenges and those who rest on the power of a plurality of voices. In this paper we demonstrate how this dichotomy confounds the construction of a holistic, actionable sustainability planning paradigm, frustrating in pragmatic terms the effort to develop sustainability planning that makes a difference. We argue for an approach to sustainable development grounded in the philosophy of pragmatism as a means to connect tough and tender minded perspectives on sustainability planning, policy and action. After detailing how tough and tender minded temperaments among sustainability advocates translate into different types of understandings and initiatives, a pragmatic framework for a holistic sustainability planning and policy suite is proposed. This framework is argued based on an understanding of pragmatic theories of truth and rationality, integration and a process basis for action, and human experience as a touchstone for public values and action priorities. This article contributes to the growing body of planning scholarship that draws upon pragmatic philosophy, connecting this with the growing body of work within environmental philosophy that highlights the utility of pragmatism in building a philosophy of sustainable development. If planners and members of the democratic public can work towards a common understanding that it is a process of continuous communication and interaction among citizens and experts that needs to be sustained in the push toward sustainable development, that knowledge is to be generated and tested in public contexts, and that stories have standing alongside scientific models and statistics, important moves toward sustainability can be made in the planning profession as a whole.