加拿大肉与肉制品法规和标准体系分析

加拿大肉与肉制品法规和标准体系较为完善,能够有效地规范肉与肉制品的生产加工,保证质量与安全.本文介绍了加拿大肉与肉制品的法规和标准体系现状,并分析和总结其体系的特点,为我国建设完整的肉与肉制品法规与标准体系提供经验借鉴和启示.     

An ensemble wavelet bootstrap machine learning approach to water demand forecasting: a case study in the city of Calgary,Canada

This paper explores a hybrid wavelet, bootstrap and neural network (WBNN) modeling approach for daily (1, 3 and 5 day) urban water demand forecasting in situations with limited data availability. This method was tested using 3 years of daily water demand and meteorological data for the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The performance of the WBNN method was compared to that of three other methods: traditional neural networks (NN), wavelet NNs (WNN), and bootstrap-based NN (BNN) models. While the hybrid WBNN and WNN models equally provided 1-day lead-time forecasts of greater accuracy than those obtained with other methods, for longer lead-time (3- or 5-day) forecasts the WBNN model alone outperformed the other models. The confidence bands generated using the WBNN model displayed the uncertainty associated with the forecasts.     

Environmental impact assessment process substitution: experiences of public participants

This paper explores policy action taken by the federal government in Canada to test the potential for substitution of the federal process to regulatory bodies as a means of encouraging environmental impact assessment (EIA) efficiency. Our purpose is to present the experiences of people who participated in the EIA of the Emera Brunswick Pipeline in order to gauge the impact of such process substitutions on meaningful public participation. Our approach included document reviews and a focus group session with some of the public participants in the Emera Pipeline hearings. We find that the National Energy Board hearing process substituted in the case did not meet many of the key requirements of meaningful participation and left some public participants feeling disrespected and marginalized.     

CFRP Tendons for the Repair of Posttensioned, Unbonded Concrete Buildings

The deterioration attributable to corrosion of concrete structures reinforced with unbonded, posttensioned tendons is a costly problem. Recent research has shown composite materials such as fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) to be suitable alternatives to steel because they provide similar strength without susceptibility to electrochemical corrosion. Carbon-FRP (CFRP) in particular has great promise for prestressed applications because it shows resistance to corrosion in environments that might be encountered in concrete and experiences less relaxation than steel. This paper outlines the testing and implementation of a posttensioned system that uses CFRP tendons to replace corroded, unbonded posttensioned steel tendons. This system was then implemented in a parking garage in downtown Toronto. To the writers’ knowledge, this is the first example of an unbonded, posttensioned tendon replacement using FRP tendons. The system used split-wedge anchors designed specifically for CFRP tendons. The dead end was anchored by directly bonding the tendon to the concrete slab. The CFRP tendon was successfully inserted in the opening created by the removal of the corroded tendon and stressed. Although the system was shown to be feasible, the current anchorage configuration results in load losses of up to 60% during the transfer. Changing the orientation of the anchor was found to reduce the load loss to an acceptable range of 1–9%.     

加拿大微生物监控计划分析

加拿大被誉为全球食品卫生和检验最严格的国家之一,其食品国家微生物监控计划及运作模式也值得各国借鉴。2012/2013财年,加拿大国家微生物监控计划共对4980份国产和进口食品样品进行了微生物抽样检测,以确保食品符合加拿大的标准。其中国内食品抽样3469份,进行了8328项检测;进口食品抽样1511份,进行了4909项检测。结果表明,国产食品和进口食品的合格率分别为99.5%和99.0%,整体合格率为99.4%。整体来看,所有商品的合格率很高(大于99%)。本文结合加拿大食品检验署发布的2012/2013财政年度的国家微生物监控计划报告及相关的监控指南,对加拿大的微生物监控计划的产品类型、项目及实施进行深入地分析,提炼出值得借鉴的方面,以期给我国政府部门及相关从业人员从政策层面提供更多的信息和借鉴。     

Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America: An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves.

Self-enhancing and self-improving motivations were investigated across cultures. Replicating past research, North Americans who failed on a task persisted less on a follow-up task than those who succeeded. In contrast, Japanese who failed persisted more than those who succeeded. The Japanese pattern is evidence for a self-improving orientation: Failures highlight where corrective efforts are needed. Japanese who failed also enhanced the importance and the diagnosticity of the task compared with those who succeeded, whereas North Americans did the opposite. Study 2 revealed that self-improving motivations are specific to the tasks on which one receives feedback. Study 3 unpackaged the cultural differences by demonstrating that they are due, at least in part, to divergent lay theories regarding the utility of effort. Study 4 addressed the problem of comparing cultures on subjective Likert scales and replicated the findings with a different measure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Suicide in Canada.

Reviews the book, Suicide in Canada, edited by Antoon A. Leenaars, Susanne Wenckstern, Isaac Sakinofsky, Ronald J. Dyck, Michael J. Kral, and Roger C. Bland (1998). This book is a major volume dedicated to an acute public health phenomenon in Canada. The book is divided into nine sections. Although there is overlap among the sections, they retain distinctions that warrant their separation. The sections (history; epidemiology and the Canadian scene; theory and research; first nations and Inuit; family, community, and government approaches; youth suicide, schools, and communities; distress centers; survivors; the right to die) are laid out in a logical order. The volume is appealing for its use of chapters that vary from being very formal and research focused, to those that are highly experiential and voiced in the first person. Taken as a whole, this book on suicide in Canada has much to commend it. Although one might argue that any given book might better focus on either a more scholarly, research orientation, or a more experiential, qualitative viewpoint, this reviewer did not find the mixture of approaches in this work disquieting. Given the timeliness and enduring importance of the topic, it can be said that Suicide in Canada will be the book on the topic for the foreseeable future. Indeed, given the scope and depth of the book, it is a landmark edition for future Canadian suicidologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Recombinant Landscapes in the American City

How are urban actors, such as landscape designers, community groups, developers and local politicians, actively restructuring their environments to meet the challenges of the American city in the new global context? Grahame Shane outlines the approaches to landscape that have been emerging since the mid-20th century and are set to recombine urban assemblages whether they are located in historic city centres, postindustrial waterfronts or suburban sprawl. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中加工程造价管理对比与借鉴

2003年2月17日,建设部以国家标准形式发布《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》,并于7月1日起实施。然该计价模式推行三年多来,由于中国工程造价管理不完善,实际应用中还存在许多问题。本文通过对加拿大工程造价管理的介绍,同时与中国工程造价进行对比,借鉴加方工程造价管理经验,提出弥补我国工程造价管理不足的建议,以适应我国正在推行的工程量清单计价规范,最终达到与国际接轨的目的。     

加拿大多伦多大学学生工作的特点及启示

介绍了加拿大多伦多大学的基本情况,阐述了多伦多大学学生事务管理和服务工作的特点,探讨了多伦多大学学生事务管理和服务工作对我国高等教育工作的启示。