基于可见-近红外光谱特征波长选择的土壤有机质快速检测研究

选择光谱特征波长进行建模可以减少冗余波长的干扰,提高模型的预测精度。采用小波阈值消噪法对采集的104个土壤样本光谱数据进行了预处理,并通过间隔偏最小二乘法、无信息变量消除、连续投影算法和群智能算法等9种方法筛选了建模波长。结果表明,小波阈值消噪法能有效降低光谱中的噪声。利用波长选择方法筛选建模波长不仅能减少建模变量的个数,而且还能提高模型的预测精度,特别是离散粒子群优化算法利用26个波长进行建模,预测决定系数达到了0.81,预测的相对标准误差为2.31。实验结果证明,通过对光谱波长进行选择不但可以降低模型的复杂度,还能有效预测土壤有机质达的含量。     

低阶煤煤泥油泡浮选技术研究

采用烃类油蒸发制造油气,将油气通入浮选柱气泡发生器的吸气口,生成油泡.对低阶煤煤泥进行油泡柱浮选试验,试验结果表明:油泡对低阶煤煤泥具有强捕收能力与高选择性,分选指标较好.将油泡浮选技术用于工业浮选柱分选,可有效降低浮选捕收剂用量,浮选泡沫层稳定,分选指标好.油泡浮选技术在低阶煤煤泥浮选提质中的应用,为低阶煤煤泥的资源...     

煤粉密度对燃煤过程中颗粒物形成特性的影响

通过浮选实验先将典型烟煤分成高、中、低3个密度段,然后对3种不同密度原煤在沉降炉内进行热解和燃烧实验,研究原煤密度对颗粒物形成机理和特性的影响。实验采用低压撞击器（LPI）把颗粒物按不同粒径大小从0.03～10.0 μm共分13级,分别采集燃烧后的可吸入颗粒物。实验结果显示：低密度原煤对颗粒物形成的贡献最大,中密度次之,高密度最小,低密度原煤所含矿物质粒度最小,形成的焦的膨胀率、总孔体积和BET表面积最大,高密度原煤所含矿物质粒度最大,形成的焦的膨胀率、总孔体积和BET表面积最小,中密度原煤介于两者之间,3种密度原煤燃烧后形成的PM10颗粒物元素构成的相同点是：对于亚微米颗粒物,元素S＋碱金属元素＋其他元素>难熔元素,对于超微米颗粒物,难熔元素占80%以上,远远大于其他三类元素。     

Lipid biophysics and/or soft matter-inspired approach for controlling enveloped virus infectivity

Proven as a natural barrier against viral infection, pulmonary surfactant phospholipids have a biophysical and immunological role within the respiratory system, acting against microorganisms including viruses. Enveloped viruses have, in common, an outer bilayer membrane that forms the underlying structure for viral membrane proteins to function in an optimal way to ensure infectivity. Perturbating the membrane of viruses using exogenous lipids can be envisioned as a generic way to reduce their infectivity. In this context, the potential of exogenous lipids to be used against enveloped virus infectivity would be indicated by the resulting physical stress imposed to the viral membrane, and conical lipids, i.e. lyso-lipids, would be expected to generate stronger biophysical disturbances. We confirm that when treated with lyso-lipids the infectivity three strains of influenza virus (avian H2N3, equine H3N8 or pandemic human influenza H1N1) is reduced by up to 99% in a cell-based model. By contrast, lipids with a similar head group but two aliphatic chains were less effective (reducing infection by only 40–50%). This work opens a new path to merge concepts from different research fields, i.e. ‘soft matter physics'' and virology.     

催化裂化再生烟气颗粒物浓度及粒度测量分析

催化裂化再生烟气中颗粒物的浓度和粒度检测分析对于能量回收系统的正常运行是至关重要的.针对再生烟气高温带压的现场条件,预测流速法是非常合适的检测方法,通过对再生烟气的检测可以对三旋、烟机的运行情况做出一定的反馈和技术指导,保证设备的平稳运行.测定烟气中粉尘含量及粉尘粒度分布,并计算三旋分离效率.结果表明,三旋入口催化剂的...     

人工快速渗滤系统渗滤介质性质及其对氨氮去除能力的影响

文章通过对不同渗滤层中生物量、有机质、CEC(总阳离子交换容量)和对氨氮去除效果间关系的分析来讨论人工快速渗滤系统去除氨氮的机理.     

Human iPSC-Derived Astrocytes: A Powerful Tool to Study Primary Astrocyte Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Rare Leukodystrophies

Astrocytes are very versatile cells, endowed with multitasking capacities to ensure brain homeostasis maintenance from brain development to adult life. It has become increasingly evident that astrocytes play a central role in many central nervous system pathologies, not only as regulators of defensive responses against brain insults but also as primary culprits of the disease onset and progression. This is particularly evident in some rare leukodystrophies (LDs) where white matter/myelin deterioration is due to primary astrocyte dysfunctions. Understanding the molecular defects causing these LDs may help clarify astrocyte contribution to myelin formation/maintenance and favor the identification of possible therapeutic targets for LDs and other CNS demyelinating diseases. To date, the pathogenic mechanisms of these LDs are poorly known due to the rarity of the pathological tissue and the failure of the animal models to fully recapitulate the human diseases. Thus, the development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) from patient fibroblasts and their differentiation into astrocytes is a promising approach to overcome these issues. In this review, we discuss the primary role of astrocytes in LD pathogenesis, the experimental models currently available and the advantages, future evolutions, perspectives, and limitations of hiPSC to study pathologies implying astrocyte dysfunctions.     

膜生物反应器用于微污染地表水处理的中试研究

引言 地表水作为主要的饮用水源水,其日益严重的污染问题给传统的水处理工艺带来巨大挑战.将膜生物反应器(MBR)应用于微污染水处理,进行饮用水制备是解决上述问题的一项新技术[1].向MBR内投加粉末活性炭(PAC)所形成的MBR-PAC组合工艺集物理吸附、生物净化和膜分离于一体,具有良好的污染物去除能力.目前,将MBR作为微污染水处理主体工艺的研究并不多见.香港大学的李晓岩等[2]研究证实MBR组合工艺处理微污染水效果良好.清华大学的莫罹等[3]也进行了类似的研究.但均限于小试试验,并且对相应的膜污染问题关注不多.     

高级氧化技术在废水处理中的应用

介绍了高级氧化技术的特点和适用范围;分别阐述了化学氧化技术、电化学氧化技术、湿式氧化法、超临界水氧化技术等主要高级氧化技术的基本原理、研究进展及应用前景;例举了高级氧化技术的应用实例。结果表明,高级氧化技术适用于流量小、浊度高、降解难的有机废水处理,具有效果稳定的优点。     

云南东川铜矿带碳、氧同位素特征及成矿机制讨论

东川铜矿带地处云南东川盆地,属于沉积岩容矿层状铜矿带,发育有稀矿山式铁铜矿体、东川式铜矿体、桃园式铜矿体等多类型铜矿体。为探讨东川铜矿带的成矿机制,本文通过对东川铜矿带各类型矿体的碳、氧同位素分析,结合前人研究成果,发现相对于赋矿白云岩,稀矿山式、东川式、桃园式铜矿体的白云石δ¹³C值呈降低的趋势,东川式铜矿体的包裹体δ¹³C值为-16.40‰～-0.20‰,桃园式铜矿体的包裹体δ¹³C值为-18.40‰～-4.20‰,包裹体中的δ¹³C值呈现明显的低值。碳、氧同位素特征说明成矿流体的碳源主要来自于海相碳酸盐的溶解作用,其次来自于有机质的氧化作用和脱羟基作用,有机质亦参与了成矿作用。含矿卤水运移到具还原性质的落雪组白云岩和黑山组炭质板岩中,与含有机质地层和含有机质流体发生氧化还原反应,形成多层位的层控铜矿床,东川铜矿带成矿机制为盆地卤水交代成矿。