位于巨型走滑断裂端部盆地演化的地质模型——以苏丹穆格莱德盆地为例

横跨非洲大陆中部巨型中非断裂带东端的穆格莱德盆地的演化与周邻的大地构造背景密切相关。在早白垩世的演化与大西洋的分阶段张裂密切相关,晚白垩世的演化与印度块体的快速北移有关,新生代的演化主要和红海的扩张有关。盆地的构造演化可划分三大阶段:在早白垩世盆地发育的鼎盛时期,受中非走滑断裂的影响,盆地沉降速率巨大,沉积中心和沉降中心往往不一致;在晚白垩世,盆地为断陷和坳陷型沉积,沉积中心向远离中非断裂带的东南方向迁移。盆地总体的演化具有从走滑型向拉张伸展型转化的特点。在盆地演化的早期,烃源岩和储集岩在靠近中非走滑断裂带附近较发育;在晚期的构造挤压作用下,一方面对已形成的油气藏进行破坏,同时,可造成油气重新分布,形成一些新生的油气藏。在该部位沉降中心和沉积中心往往不一致,这给油气的勘探带来新的困难,因此对这些地区的勘探要十分慎重。在远离中非断裂带的盆地东南部,是晚期沉积和沉降的中心,主力烃源岩演化比较适中,油气成藏期较晚,是寻找具有工业价值油气田的有利部位。      

中央空调环境下的空气质量控制

根据中央空调环境所出现的空气质量问题，提出解决室内尘埃、微生物和异味三大主要污染源的方法。     

Seismic reliability of non-linear frames with PR connections using systematic RSM

An effective, efficient, and robust reliability analysis algorithm is proposed for non-linear structures, where seismic loading can be applied in the time domain. The method is developed specifically for steel frame structures considering all major sources of non-linearity, including geometry, material, and partially restrained (PR) connections. The non-linearity due to PR connections is modeled by moment-relative rotation curves using the four-parameter Richard model. For seismic excitation, the loading, unloading, and reloading behavior at PR connections is modeled using moment-relative rotation curves and the Masing rule. The proposed algorithm intelligently integrates the response surface method, the finite element method, the first-order reliability method, and an iterative linear interpolation scheme. The uncertainties in all the random variables including the four parameters of Richard model are considered. Two unique features of the proposed algorithm are that (1) actual earthquake time histories can be used to excite structures in the presence of major sources of non-linearity and uncertainty and (2) it is possible to estimate the risk corresponding to both the serviceability and strength limit states. The algorithm is verified using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The verified algorithm is first used to study the reliability of a frame structure in the presence of PR connections with different degrees of flexibility. Then the algorithm is used to estimate the reliability of a frame structure excited by 13 actual recorded earthquake time histories, 12 of them recorded during the Northridge earthquake of 1994. As expected, the reliabilities of the frame are found to be quite different, when excited by several time histories of the Northridge earthquake.     

IBCIMS的总体结构和功能模型介绍

分别介绍用轮图和集成框架的层次结构图表示的，智能大厦中央集成管理系统(IBCIMS)的总体结构和功能模型，并介绍了该系统的三层分布式体系结构。     

Culturable and Total Fungi in Dust Accumulated in Air Ducts in Single-Family Houses

Abstract Fungal spore content in dust accumulated in air ducts was investigated in 24 mechanically ventilated single-family houses of which 15 had also a central air heating system. Dust was collected from the ducts simultaneously with cleaning of the ventilation systems. Besides spore concentrations and flora of culturable fungi, total fungal spore concentrations were determined in dust samples by the aqueous two-phase technique and spore counting with epifluorescence microscopy. Culturable spore concentrations in the dust varied from 10⁴ to 10⁷ CFU/g and total spore concentrations from 107 to 108 spores/g. Total spore concentrations in the duct dust were significantly higher in the air heated houses than in the other mechanically ventilated houses. The difference resulted mainly from a higher proportion of recirculation air and a higher age of the air heated houses. Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and yeasts consisted of >90% of fungal flora in the dust. Although total spore concentrations were at the same level both in the exhaust and in the supply ducts in both types of house, culturable fungal spore concentrations were slightly higher in the exhaust ducts than in the supply ducts. The proportion of culturable spores was <5% of total spores in dust accumulated in the ducts.     

试论我国非公有经济的存在和发展

我国非公有经济经历了过渡时期和改革开放以来两个不同的发展阶段。实践证明非公有经济对促进国民经济发展，增加就业，满足人们不同的需要方面发挥了重要作用，是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。     

Temporal-Spatial Variation Analysis of Net Primary Productivity and its Relationship with Climate in Central Asia

The Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of vegetation and its response to climate change is one of the key areas in research of global change. The study on spatial and temporal changes of NPP in central Asia is important to understand the mechanism of vegetation-environment action and to cope with global change. Therefore, based on the MOD17A3 dataset and meteorological data and GIS analysis method, this paper is intended to analyze the spatial pattern, temporal variation and the driving factors to NPP in Central Asia during 2000~2014. The results shows that: ①the spatial variation of NPP in Central Asia is ranged from 0 to 874 gC/m²·a, with an average of 151.90 gC/m²·a. The average annual total NPP is 482.41TgC (1 Tg=10¹² g), and both the average NPP and total NPP showed a decrease trend. ②The average NPP was higher in southeastern alpine regions and high latitudes areas than in central and southern desert areas in Central Asia. ③From 2000 to 2014, the annual NPP in central Asia showed a decrease trend with a rate of -2.05 gC/m²·a², covering 39.89% of the region with significant reduction. The areas in which NPP decreased were mainly distributed in Kazakhstan, with typical steppe zone being the most significant in five ecological zones. ④The effect of precipitation on NPP in Central Asia was stronger than that of temperature. Precipitation influenced NPP of typical steppe，desert and desert steppe more seriously, while alpine meadow and alpine forest were jointly affected by precipitation and temperature.     

冀中地区早第三纪沉积岩化学元素分布特征及其多元统计研究

在冀中地区油气勘探所钻的3口井剖面中,系统选取早第三纪沉积岩岩屑样品.基本上2m取一个样,3口并样品总数约3500个.每个样品用光谱定量分析11种化学元素:Ca、Mg、Ti、Ba、Mn、Zr、V、Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni.应用计算机技术和多元分析方法,经过综合研究查明了冀中地区下第三系砂岩、泥岩和不同的色泥岩化学元素的分布特征.早第三纪各组段地层元江分布不同,其纵向上的变化界线与地质上分层界线基本吻合,是地层划分对比的一个依据.用对应分析方法研究岩石化学资料,可以在查明元素之间、元素与样品之间以及样品与样品之间的关系和规律性.研究表明 Ba、Mn、Zr、Pb的关系密切,属于亲碎屑元素,Ti、Cr、V、Ni、Cu的关系密切,属于亲粘土元素;Ca、Mg的关系密切,属于亲碳酸盐元素.96井主因子F_1、F_2累计方差达95%,F_1、F_2主因于主要由Ca、Mg、Ti三元素所决定.F_1;突出地反映灰质沉积等地球化学作用,F_2突出地反映机械沉积作用.主因子F_1和F_2在纵向上的周期性变化反映了沉积作用的旋回特征,样品在F_1-F_2因子平面上规律性地展布反映了沉积相特征,96井下第三系地球化学一沉积相图概括了主要的研究成果.     

中亚地缘油气特点和中国的中亚发展战略

指出了中亚地缘的相对封闭性，分析了中亚地缘油气的主要特点，即油气分布的不均衡性，包括①两个油气区的不同特点；②西部多油、中东部多气；③向欧洲出口相对方便。揭示了大国（集团）在中亚的态势，包括①俄罗斯在中亚沿袭其历史的控制地位；②欧美在中亚所取得的强势；③中国在中亚虽发展迅猛，但仍处于相对弱势。指出了中亚油气的发展意向。最后提出了中国在中亚的发展战略，包括①追求双赢、多赢的合作；②强化油气勘探开发落实可供资源；③以油气为主全面发展与中亚各国的经济合作；④突出新疆经济区在中亚合作中的地位。     

台州市首级平面控制网改造与独立坐标系的建立

论述了建立独立坐标系时中央子午线及投影面的选择与各地区投影长度变形值的关系,说明了尽量利用原有坐标系统的重要性.建立台州市首级平面控制网时,通过坐标转换,充分利用旧有资料,既满足了精度要求,又节约了资金,为同类工程提供了借鉴.