《世界公民》中散文翻译的文言策略

文言策略在散文翻译的美学"再创造"方面,具备不容忽视的语言优势。本文运用茅盾的"再创论",通过对散文集《世界公民》中若干作品文白译本的对比,论证文言译笔是重塑散文文美、意美、音美和形美的理想工具。这对重新审视文言译语的作用,丰富译语种类形式,具有实践意义。     

Antecedents of an experienced sense of virtual community

Sense of virtual community (SOVC) reflects the feeling that individual members have of belonging to an online social group. Yet there is a lack of investigation focusing on its individual-level antecedents. We argue that in order to enhance understanding of how SOVC develops we first need to distinguish between the individual expectations, actions, and the resulting community-related feelings. Drawing upon the uses and gratifications approach, we explore the community members’ expected benefits, their linkages with different types of community participation and consequently with the experienced SOVC. We tested the hypotheses on a sample of 395 members of a virtual community hosted by a Finnish business newspaper. The findings suggest that both forms of participation – reading and posting messages – have a positive impact on SOVC, but the expected benefits differ. Participation by reading messages is mainly driven by the expectation of cognitive benefits, while posting messages seems to be largely driven by the anticipation of both social and personal integrative benefits. Our study contributes by providing a refined SOVC conceptualization and operationalization for virtual-community research, and by opening up the individual-level actions that build up a sense of virtual community.     

STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT IN WATER-RESOURCES PLANNING

This paper discusses experiences of consultation and participation in water-resource planning studies in the Thames catchment. Two different case studies are presented and the challenges which were encountered are discussed. The authors conclude that, whilst the inclusion of stakeholders in the decision-making process has clear benefits, the answers to questions such as (a) who to involve, (b) when to involve them, and (c) how to present information to them, are not always clear.     

An empirical study comparing gamification and social networking on e-learning

While social networking has already demonstrated its efficiency in e-learning, gamification, which is the use of game-thinking and playful design in non-game contexts, has only shown its potential as a motivational tool. This paper presents the results of testing both social networking and gamification in an undergraduate course, comparing them in terms their effect on students' academic achievement, participation and attitude. The effects of a gamification plugin deployed in a learning management system were compared to those of a social networking site in the same educational setting. We found that both approaches presented better performance than a traditional e-learning approach in terms of academic achievement for practical assignments, but that, when it came to assessing knowledge, the traditional e-learning approach was better. Also challenging current assumptions, participation rates and scores remained low with the new tools, although students' attitudes were positive.     

Access,local language and public sphere: Phone-in R/TV programme as a platform for citizen journalism in a Nigerian election

The paper is a report of a special phone-in programme of the Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State (BCOS) during the general elections held in Nigeria in April 2007. The paper specifically considers the edition of this programme aired on April 14 in its coverage and monitoring of the conduct of the Oyo State gubernatorial (governorship) election held on that day. Realising that it cannot be everywhere and that people need be involved in the process of democracy, the Radio/Television station gave out some phone lines to which people could call to report their experiences of the conduct of the election in their localities. Participation of the people in this programme was possible because of the ubiquity, affordability and portability of radio sets and cell phones; and the proficiency of expression which the local language programme afforded them. Even at polling centres, people were able to monitor the programme with their transistor radios and were able to report their experiences with their cell phones. The harvest of election reports from this exercise was tremendous, and at the same time revealing. Reports that the professional journalists could not have been able to give because of the volatility of the political situation in the State were given live on air and uncensored by aggrieved electorate. There was also an informal inter-reports reliability (peer-review) mechanism in the sense that if a member of the public felt a particular report given by a particular caller was inaccurate and false, the unsatisfied member of the public would call into provide his own account of the happenings. The general public would then be left to decide on their own which of the accounts was more appropriate. Thus, in essence, a public sphere was created.     

城市居民对于汽车的认知行为及其背景调查分析

当前城市化进程主要体现在两方面：城市用地空间蔓延和城市机动性迅速增加,汽车则是后者的最直接的物质载体。该文以城市中已经购买汽车的、现在无车但短期内有意购车的、无车并且近期无意购买汽车的三类人群为调查对象,在分析汽车与城市关系的基础上,调查城市居民对于汽车的认知行为及其产生背景,进而引导城市与汽车的互动健康发展。     

大跨度曲面木屋盖风荷载特性的风洞试验研究

大跨度曲面屋盖风荷载特性复杂,大规模木屋盖工程在实际工程应用中相对少见。通过对海口市民游客中心这个大跨度曲面木屋盖工程的风洞试验研究,系统地分析了在不同风向角下曲面木屋盖风荷载的平均压力系数分布规律、等效静风荷载分布规律和整体风荷载效应的分布规律。试验研究结果表明:屋面整体风荷载效应主要表现为上吸作用;屋盖内外表面的平均风压系数主要受风向角和测点位置的影响,表现出复杂的波动性规律,部分重要测点处存在多个平均风压系数极值和主风向角工况。在整体设计计算过程中,除了需要考虑最大上吸工况外,也要考虑下压风工况的不利作用;在局部设计计算中,应重点考虑出现极值的重点区域和特异点。     

Everyone Counts—Creating Inclusive and Friendly Urban Spaces

While making contributions to the prosperity of cities, diverse population groups have the equal right to enjoy quality urban life. However, senior citizens, children, and the disabled are vulnerable when it comes to the access to urban resources and the participation of city’s decision-making. To make the well-beings brought by urban development available to all, it is essential for a city to be inclusive by paying more attention to the needs, benefits, and rights of the disadvantaged groups. The authors believe that the creation of inclusive and friendly urban spaces requires not only new design methods and approaches, but also changes of design philosophy and mindset.     

新的方法

传统的方法存在并且仍然有效,因此我们没有必要重新制定。然而,我们现在正在做的是为了将来以更广泛的方式思考、检验和整合而寻找新的途径,最终形成新的方法。根据我们的经验,这些变化主要在以下四个方面影响着建筑设计的工作方式：人——协作和参与;过程——灵活性和复杂性与控制性和确定性之间良性的冲突;工具——作为社会变革方式的开放性和技术性;学习——网络学习和主动学习的环境。本文将阐述我们认为最重要的趋势,以及我们在工作中和其他情况下如何认识它们。     

广州城市居民居住方式取向代际差异

通过对居住方式认同度、选择等方面,发现广州老、中、青三代居民对养老方式的态度具有以下分异特征：样本整体都趋向于“分而不远”的独代居住模式,而青年段体现尤为明显;“两房一厅”是三代人的共同养老户型期待,而在建筑类别上,老年人钟情于市区原有住宅,而中青年段却青睐于新建专门针对老人的住宅区,体现了他们追求高质量养老的超前意识。