乡土再造：共同缔造过程中建筑学语言的表达 — —以青海省湟中县黑城村共同缔造实践为例

在“脱贫攻坚”和“乡村振兴”的政 策背景下,城市资本与城镇发展目光逐渐向 乡村转移,乡村建设的实践活动逐渐增多,但 是资本投入所实现的效益却不尽人意,建筑 师介入乡村的美好愿景与现实状况也相去甚 远。通过重读“建筑学语言”的内涵,发现在 乡村建设过程中需要多层次多维度的眼光去 审视乡村,由此解读出“乡土再造”的具体内 涵。从乡村建设实践的实际状况来看,正是 由于“再造内容理解片面、再造主体认识混 淆”等问题的普遍存在,才导致乡村建筑学 语言的“失语”和生长停滞。通过回顾青海省 湟中县黑城村共同缔造实践,印证了乡土再 造不仅仅是乡村物质空间实体的再造,最根 本是乡村底层集体思维的再造,而在此过程中,乡土再造的主体是村民自己,“设计师介入乡村”应当扮演“参与者”的角色,通过驻场设计 引导的方式融入到当地乡土建筑学语言的底层集体思维中,如此引导乡村自发修补的集体意识 才是乡村生长的动力之源,并能形成一种可持续的乡村建设模式。     

“新丝绸之路”背景下陕西矿产资源国际合作共同体模式

陕西省矿产资源国际合作模式以合作开发、股本并购和风险勘探为主,以工程承包和技术转让模式为辅,取得了一系列成果,但仍然存在政府服务职能欠缺、风险防范机制不健全和审批手续繁琐等问题。在"新丝绸之路"背景下,陕西作为"丝绸之路"的起点,设计矿产资源合作共同体是解决陕西省矿业发展问题的必由之路。通过比较研究法,认为:共担命运理念是构建合作共同体的目标导向,共同发展理念是构建合作共同体的本质规定,共享利益理念是构建合作共同体的物质基础;应采取政府与企业联动发展、建构合作开发多元化路径、夯实合作双方公共关系和加强投资区位选择等措施构建合作共同体。     

基于针灸学原理的旧城更新规划方法浅析——以宜宾旧城滨江带修建性详细规划为例

在对中国规划的时代背景及中西方城市规划思想博弈现状进行简要分析的基础上,结合宜宾旧城区滨江带的旧城更新,本文提出了基于针灸学原理的设计理念,借用其中特殊的腧穴论、经脉论和表里学说对旧城更新的方法进行了探索和尝试,并期望将其推广到城市规划的更大领域中。     

复杂网络的一种快速局部社团划分算法

为了快速准确地寻找大规模复杂网络的社团结构,文中基于节点度优先的思想,提出了一种新的寻找复杂网络中的局部社团结构的启发式算法.该算法的基本思想是从待求节点出发,基于节点的度有选择性的进行广度优先搜索,从而得到该节点所在的局部社团结构.由于该算法仅需要利用到节点的局部信息,因此时间复杂度很低,达到了线性的时间复杂度.将该算法应用于社会学中经典的Zachary网络,获得了满意的结果.最后,还分析了如何对该算法加以改进以进一步提高准确度.     

社区服务管理系统中服务网点配置算法的研究

服务网点配置问题是在社区服务管理系统设计中需要解决的一个重要问题。由于社区服务具有海量、并发、不确定的特性,使得服务网点配置问题成为一个NP-hard问题,使用传统优化方法很难得到最优解或满意解。本文使用改进的遗传算法和绝对中心点算法,并用VB完成算法的编制,用来解决这个问题。试验证明获得了良好的效果。     

地方政府视角的社区发展规划

从地方政府的角度,社区发展规划在构建社会主义和谐社会的背景下应由地方各级政府主导,以城市总体规划或所在地的分区规划为依据,着重于建立社区服务等级体系,调整辖区,确定服务设施的具体位置和用地规模.     

R&D,capital structure and ownership concentration: evidence from Italian microdata

The purpose of the article is to provide some evidence on the interconnection between capital structure, R&D investment and ownership concentration using a unique panel data-set of Italian firms. We study the effect of R&D intensity on leverage for two groups of firms which are different in terms of their degree of ownership concentration. Our results suggest for Public Limited Companies, a nonlinear relationship between R&D intensity and leverage, with the latter first increasing and then decreasing. Interestingly, the same result is not found to hold true for Private Limited Companies, which are characterized by a more concentrated ownership.     

Structural robustness of city road networks based on community

Road network robustness is the ability of a road network to operate correctly under a wide range of attacks. A structural robustness analysis can describe the survivability of a city road network that is under attack and can help improve functions such as urban planning and emergency response. In this paper, a novel approach is presented to quantitatively evaluate road network robustness based on the community structure derived from a city road network, in which communities refer to those densely connected subsets of nodes that are sparsely linked to the remaining network. First, a road network is reconstructed into a set of connected communities. Then, successive simulated attacks are conducted on the reconstructed road networks to test the performance of the networks under attack. The performance of the networks is represented by efficiency and the occurrence of fragmentation. Three attack strategies, including a random attack and two intentional attacks, are performed to evaluate the survivability of the road network under different situations. Contrary to the traditional road segment-based approach, the community-based robustness analysis on a city road network shows distinct structural diversity between communities, providing greater insight into network vulnerability under intentional attacks. Six typical city road networks on three different continents are used to demonstrate the proposed approach. The evaluation results reveal an important feature of the structure of city road networks from a community-based perspective, i.e., that the structure is robust under random failure but fragile under intentional attack. This result is highly consistent in different city road network forms.     

与历史对话——西班牙托莱多市档案馆与圣马可文化中心

本文以西班牙托雷多市档案馆与圣马可文化中心为例,介绍了建筑师伊格纳西奥·门达罗·科尔西尼如何在复杂的历史环境中处理遗址、建筑与城市环境的关系,如何从整体到细节达到新旧建筑的和谐统一,与历史对话。     

Enhancement of biogas production by addition of hemicellulolytic bacteria immobilised on activated zeolite

Biogas from agricultural biomass and residues is a valuable source of renewable energy. However, recalcitrant plant cell structures represent a barrier in the fermentative biodegradation process in single- and two-stage reactors. Therefore, approaches concerning a more efficient de-polymerisation of cellulose and hemicellulose to monomeric sugars are required amongst others in order to optimise the fermentation efficiency and to increase methane yields. Here we show a new strategy for the enhancement of biogas production from hemicellulose-rich substrates. Hemicellulolytic populations from a common biogas fermenter consortium were successively enriched in batch-cultures using a synthetic medium containing xylan powder as single carbon source under anaerobic mesophilic conditions. Enriched hemicellulolytic bacteria were immobilised on trace metal activated zeolite to ensure a stable storage and easy application. Xylanase activity increased continuously during subsequent enrichment cycles by up to 162%. In batch-culture experiments we were able to observe an increase of methane by 53% compared to controls without additionally introduced microorganisms immobilised on zeolite. Specific enrichment of hemicellulolytic bacteria during the process was confirmed by using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis based on amplification of the eubacterial 16S rDNA fragments. Using sequence analysis conspicuous bands from SSCP patterns could be identified as belonging to the groups Bacteroides sp., Azospira oryzae (Dechlorosoma sp.) as well as to a wide spectrum of diverse species within the order of Clostridiales (Firmicutes).