兼顾自足性与区位性的城市社区日常生活设施布局研究

长期以来居住社区日常生活设施规划设计以"自足性"为主导思想,这在一定意义上导致了对"区位性"的忽略;小区配套模式以"千人指标"为依据,在设施建设上反映出了由此产生的局限性。基于以上分析,文章提出建立动态"自足性"的社区设施规划策略,充分理解社区区位性,将社区设施建构纳入开放的城市系统之中。对于建立可持续发展城市社区而言,日常生活设施的区位性研究有一定的理论意义与实践价值。     

欧共体等几个国家中性酒精标准的比较

中性酒精是纯净、无味的无水乙醇，广泛应用于伏特加酒、金酒、滋补酒、利口酒等的生产。把欧共体等几个国家的中性酒精标准与我国的GB-10343—2002酒精标准相比较，可以看出，我国的酒精生产水平和检测能力已排世界前列。但两标准的项目不尽相同。欧共体等几个国家的标准中糠醛。碱度、固定残渣、比重、口味水平等捡测项目，我国尚无规定；而检测酒精综合质量水平的硫酸试验，欧共体等国家却未设立。(丹妮)     

基于节点层级与标签传播增益的重叠社区发现?

多标签传播算法具有接近线性的时间复杂度,但用于重叠社区发现时存在精度低、稳定性差的问题。文中基于重叠节点更可能出现在社区边缘的思想,提出基于节点层级与标签传播增益的重叠社区发现算法。该算法首先利用改进的基于节点中心度与社区分布约束的单标签传播方法发现非重叠社区,并在标签传播过程中利用局部信息同步计算节点中心度。然后根据节点中心度定义节点层级函数,标记节点在所属社区中的层级。最后基于节点间的标签传播增益,利用新的多标签更新规则,获得重叠社区结构。实验表明该算法能有效提高精度和稳定性。     

A bivariate optimal replacement policy for a multistate repairable system

In this paper, a deteriorating simple repairable system with k+1 states, including k failure states and one working state, is studied. It is assumed that the system after repair is not “as good as new” and the deterioration of the system is stochastic. We consider a bivariate replacement policy, denoted by (T,N), in which the system is replaced when its working age has reached T or the number of failures it has experienced has reached N, whichever occurs first. The objective is to determine the optimal replacement policy (T,N)^* such that the long-run expected profit per unit time is maximized. The explicit expression of the long-run expected profit per unit time is derived and the corresponding optimal replacement policy can be determined analytically or numerically. We prove that the optimal policy (T,N)^* is better than the optimal policy N^* for a multistate simple repairable system. We also show that a general monotone process model for a multistate simple repairable system is equivalent to a geometric process model for a two-state simple repairable system in the sense that they have the same structure for the long-run expected profit (or cost) per unit time and the same optimal policy. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the theoretical results.     

对城市居住区环境设计现状的反思

在强烈的竞争中,我国居住区环境设计界存在着一定的过度设计现象,从不同的角度对这一现象进行了剖析,提出应根据居住区的本质,赋予居住区环境设计本应承担的功能,避免过度扩大其所承担的任务,从而有效限制由此产生的过度设计现象的蔓延.     

Detecting discussion communities on vaccination in twitter

Vaccines have contributed to dramatically decrease mortality from infectious diseases in the 20th century. However, several social discussion groups related to vaccines have emerged, influencing the opinion of the population about vaccination for the past 20 years. These communities discussing on vaccines have taken advantage of social media to effectively disseminate their theories. Nowadays, recent outbreaks of preventable diseases such as measles, polio, or influenza, have shown the effect of a decrease in vaccination rates. Social Networks are one of the most important sources of Big Data. Specifically, Twitter generates over 400 million tweets every day. Data mining provides the necessary algorithms and techniques to analyse massive data and to discover new knowledge. This work proposes the use of these techniques to detect and track discussion communities on vaccination arising from Social Networks. Firstly, a preliminary analysis using data from Twitter and official vaccination coverage rates is performed, showing how vaccine opinions of Twitter users can influence over vaccination decision-making. Then, algorithms for community detection are applied to discover user groups opining about vaccines. The experimental results show that these techniques can be used to discover social discussion communities providing useful information to improve immunization strategies. Public Healthcare Organizations may try to use the detection and tracking of these social communities to avoid or mitigate new outbreaks of eradicated diseases.     

社区首诊制下定点基层医疗机构门诊服务利用水平分析

珠海市基本医疗保险普通门诊统筹自2009年7月1日实施以来,与社区首诊制同步推进,发挥了方便群众就医、减轻患者负担、合理使用基金和强基层的积极作用。珠海市参保人社区医疗机构签约率、就诊率明显上升,医疗费用合理。本研究采集2008年8月至2012年7月珠海市基本医疗保险的全部参保人的相关数据,采用间断时间序列分析法,并利用分段回归模型对间断时间序列数据进行定量分析,分析实施社区首诊制后,珠海市参保人对社区门诊服务利用水平的变化。     

21世纪规划管理初探

我国正处于一个蓬勃发展的新时代，城市规划管理作为一种国家意志及其生产力属性，在国民经济社会及城市发展过程中正发挥着重要的作用。但是，在其整个运作过程中，也暴露出一些深层次的亟待解决的种种困惑与矛盾，作者在剖析这些困惑与矛盾的基础上，着重从摆正位置（法制化建设、科学规范化管理、权威的机构建设）及更新观念（辩证的、服务的、人才战略的、可持续发展的）两个方面作了探讨，希望能给大家带来些有益的启示。     

Public perceptions of opportunities for community-based renewable energy projects

It now widely acknowledged that the UK needs to increase renewable energy capacity and it has been claimed that community-based renewable energy projects, with high levels of public participation, are more likely to be accepted by the public than top-down development of large-scale schemes and may bring additional benefits such as increased engagement with sustainable energy issues. However, little research has investigated public expectations of how people would like to participate in such projects and why. The aim of this study was to explore one rural community's response to a proposed sustainable energy project. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews provided quantitative and qualitative data. There was widespread support for local generation and use of renewable energy, with respondents expecting benefits from a project in terms of increased community spirit and conservation of natural resources. However, desire for active involvement was lower and residents viewed themselves participating as consultees, rather than project leaders. We suggest community renewable energy projects are likely to gain public acceptance but are unlikely to become widespread without greater institutional support.