Tiered Electron Anions in Multiple Voids of LaScSi and Their Applications to Ammonia Synthesis

Electrides—compounds in which electrons localized in interstitial spaces periodically serve as anions—have attracted broad attention for their exotic properties, such as extraordinary electron‐donating ability. In our efforts to expand this small family of phases, LaScSi emerges as a promising candidate. Its electron count is 2e^? f.u.^?1 in excess of that expected from the Zintl concept, while its structure offers interstitial spaces that can accommodate these extra electrons. Herein, this potential is explored through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and property measurements on LaScSi. DFT calculations (validated by heat capacity and electrical transport measurements) reveal electron density peaks at two symmetry‐distinct interstitial sites. Importantly, this electride‐like character is combined with chemical stability in air and water, an advantage for catalysis. Ru‐loaded LaScSi shows outstanding catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis, with a turnover frequency (0.1 s^?1 at 0.1 MPa, 400 °C) an order of magnitude higher than those of oxide‐based Ru catalysts, e.g., Ru/MgO. As with other electrides, LaScSi's ability to reversibly store hydrogen prevents the hydrogen poisoning of Ru surfaces. The better performance of LaScSi, however, hints at the importance of the high concentration (>1.6 × 10²² cm^?3) and tiered nature of its anionic electrons, which offers guidance toward new catalysts.     

Online review manipulation by asymmetrical firms: Is a firm’s manipulation of online reviews always detrimental to its competitor?

Online reviews have a significant influence on consumers, and consequently firms are motivated to manipulate online reviews to promote their own products. This paper develops an analytical model to systematically explore the impact of online review manipulation on asymmetrical firms who sell substitutable search products in a competing market. Results show that a firm’s manipulation of online reviews is not necessary to hurt its competitor’s profit. In addition, if firms are free to choose whether to manipulate online reviews, both firms will always choose to manipulate online reviews. Moreover, there exists a prisoner’s dilemma in which online reviews are overmanipulated.     

高压绝缘子自然污秽中阴离子组成的分析

利用抑制性离子色谱仪对全国各地户外高压绝缘子自然污秽物水溶液中的F-、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-4种阴离子含量进行了分析。定量方法采用标准曲线法。结果表明,污秽物中F-离子含量最低,大多数都小于1 mg/g;SO42-含量远远高于其它3种一价阴离子,基本都超过了100 mg/g,最高的达到了300 mg/g。表明离子色谱法能够准确地测定电缆污秽物中阴离子的种类与含量,具有检测限低,检测范围宽,快速准确的特点。     

几种无机阴离子的电迁移及其对闭塞区的影响

用模拟闭塞电池方法研究了低碳钢／碱性ＮａＣｌ水溶液体系中央各部委中无机阴离子向塞区的电迁移规律及其对闭塞区的影响,结果 所选阴离子浓度范围内,ＣｒＯ４＾２、ＭｏＯ＾２－、ＷＯ４＾２－均能向闭塞区内迁移,它们遵循相同的规律,电迁移量随着时间的延长深度的提高而增大,其中ＷＯ４＾２－行 速度比ＣｒＯ４＾２、ＭｏＯ４＾２－小;添加一定浓度以上的这三种种郭能有效地阻止Ｃｌ＾－向闭塞区的迁移,浓度越高,效果赵     

温度和pH对硼在水溶液中聚合形式影响的研究

温度和pH对硼在水溶液中的溶解有一定的影响。随着温度的升高,8≤pH≤11的硼水溶液,硼的饱和浓度随之增加,而pH为12时,硼的饱和浓度先增大后减小。随着溶液pH增大,30 ℃≤温度≤60 ℃的硼水溶液,硼的饱和浓度先减小后增大,而温度为70 ℃时,硼的饱和浓度表现为先减小后增大再减小的趋势。实验采用Raman光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对含硼饱和水溶液及沉淀固相进行了分析,探讨了含硼饱和水溶液液相及沉淀固相中硼氧配阴离子的存在形式和相互作用机理。结果表明,当溶液pH较高时,有利于低聚合度硼氧配阴离子的存在,其形式主要为B（OH）4-、B2O（OH）62-。     

Environmental factors affecting the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel. IV. Variation in the pitting corrosion current in relation to the concentration of the aggressive and the inhibitive anions

The pitting corrosion current of reinforcing steel is measured under natural corrosion conditions in Ca(OH)₂ solutions in presence of Cl⁻ as aggressive ions and as inhibiting anions. The corrosion current starts to flow after an induction period which depends on solution composition (concentration, pH and presence or absence of the aggressive and the inhibiting anions). The limiting corrosion currents increase with increasing the Cl⁻ ion concentration and decrease with increasing the pH and inhibiting ions concentration. The inhibition efficiency of the studied inhibiting ions increases in the following order: , and depends on the way by which the inhibitor is added to the solution. Injection of the inhibiting anions in solution causes repassivation of the pre-formed pits through competition with Cl⁻ ions for adsorption sites on metal oxide surface. The adsorbability constant and the free energy of repassivation of the inhibiting anions are calculated.     

离子色谱法测定大白口蘑、绒柄牛肝菌和皱盖疣柄牛肝菌中阴离子含量

采用超声波辅助提取-离子色谱法测定大白口蘑、绒柄牛肝菌和皱盖疣柄牛肝菌3种食用菌中F－、Cl－、NO2、NO3、PO4五种阴离子含量。结果表明：3种样品中,离子含量均表现为NO3＞PO4＞F－＞Cl－,且NO2均未检测出;同一种离子在不同样品中的含量各有差异。本研究为食用菌中阴离子含量的监测提供参考,同时对其他物种的安全监督具有指导意义。     

稻壳纤维素制备阴离子交换剂及其性能的研究

采用稻壳纤维素,通过硝化、碱化、老化、交联、胺化等制备工艺,制得了表面具有甲胺基团的阴离子交换剂。直接耐晒翠蓝阴离子交换的性能实验表明,选择三甲胺盐酸盐作为胺化剂,胺化温度为65℃时,制备的离子交换剂的交换率最高。通过正交实验得出在pH值为4,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为120 min的条件下,稻壳基离子交换剂对直接耐晒翠蓝阴离子交换效果较好。离子交换过程的动力学研究表明,在反应前期(前80 min),离子交换行为为膜扩散所控制;在反应后期(80 min后),为内部扩散所控制。     

负离子远红外功能整理剂及其在纺织业中的应用

负离子功能整理剂及用于家居的整理织物，会持续发生负离子，中和空气中正离子，起到净化空气、促进血液循环、抗菌除臭、远红外蓄热等作用．探讨了负离子远红外整理剂的制备及在纺织上的应用．