掺不同纤维的活性粉末混凝土力学性能研究

通过对16组分别掺入钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维的活性粉末混凝土试件进行抗压、抗折强度试验,并且对每组试件采用了三种不同的养护方案。试验结果表明:热水养护对活性粉末混凝土的抗压和抗折强度有较大幅度的提升,当温度达75℃时,提升幅度10%~30%;相比单掺聚丙烯纤维单掺钢纤维对活性粉末混凝土试块的抗压、抗折强度提升幅度更大,钢纤维含量为4%时活性粉末混凝土的抗压和抗折强度分别提高21%和53%;钢纤维掺量为2%和聚丙烯纤维掺量为0.3%并且经过75℃高温养护的活性粉末混凝土试块其抗压、抗折力学性能达到最优,其抗压强度达到168.4MPa,抗折强度达到31.57MPa。     

Compressive image broadcasting in MIMO systems with receiver antenna heterogeneity

In this work we consider image delivery in MIMO broadcast networks with diverse channel quality and varying numbers of antennas across receivers. In such systems, performance is normally constrained by the weakest users with either a low channel SNR or only a single receive antenna. To address both dimensions of heterogeneity, we propose a new analog image delivery system that adapts seamlessly along both dimensions simultaneously. Our sender scales the DWT coefficients according to a power allocation strategy, and generates linear combinations of the coefficients using compressive sensing (CS), before transmitting them with amplitude modulation. On the receiving side, the received physical layer symbols are passed directly to the source decoder without conventional MIMO decoding, and the DWT coefficients are recovered using a CS decoder.There are two main contributions of our system. First, integrating CS into MIMO transmission ensures that the reconstructed image quality at the receivers is commensurate with both the channel SNR and the MIMO channel dimension. Second, we introduce a power allocation strategy to achieve a performance tradeoff between receivers with different antenna numbers. Experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms both the analog reference SoftCast and the conventional digital system known as HM-STBC. The average gain is 2.92 dB over SoftCast for single-antenna users and 1.53 dB over HM-STBC for two-antenna users.     

Study on preparation and mechanical property of nanocrystalline NiAl intermetallic

Nanocrystalline NiAl materials were fabricated using mechanical alloying and hot-pressing sintering technique. The crystal structural and microstructure of milled powders during mechanical alloying, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of bulk NiAl intermetallic were characterized. The results show that B2 ordered nanocrystalline NiAl powders were successfully synthesized by solid-state diffusion via the gradual exothermic reaction mechanism during mechanical alloying. Scanning electron microscope image confirmed that the powder particles were flat and flake shape in the early stage of milling, but changed to a spherical shape with the crystallite size about 30 nm after the milling. After sintering, the crystal structure of nanocrystalline NiAl intermetallic was assigned to B2 order NiAl phase with the average crystallite size about 100 nm. The nanocrystalline NiAl intermetallic exhibited prominent room temperature compressive properties, such as the true ultimate compressive strength and the fracture strain were 2143 MPa and 32.2%, respectively. The appearances of vein-like patterns on the fracture surface of NiAl intermetallic materials indicated that the fracture mechanism could be characterized as ductile fracture. It can be concluded that higher sintering density and nanocrystalline of NiAl intermetallic were benefited for the improvement of mechanical properties.     

Al3Ni2–Al composites with nanocrystalline intermetallic matrix produced by consolidation of milled powders

Mechanically alloyed nanocrystalline Al₆₃Ni₃₇ powder with a metastable structure of NiAl phase was mixed with 20, 30 and 40 vol.% of Al powder. The powder mixtures as well as pure powder of Al₆₃Ni₃₇ alloy were consolidated at 600 °C under the pressure of 7.7 GPa. The bulk materials were characterised by structural investigations (X-ray diffraction, light and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy), compression and hardness tests and measurements of density and open porosity. During the consolidation, the metastable NiAl phase transformed into the equilibrium Al₃Ni₂ intermetallic. The mean crystallite size of the Al₃Ni₂ intermetallic in the bulk materials is below 40 nm. The microstructure of the composite samples consists of Al₃Ni₂ intermetallic areas surrounded by lamellae-like Al regions. The hardness of the produced Al₃Ni₂–Al composites is in the range of 5–6.5 GPa (514–663 HV1), while that of the Al₃Ni₂ intermetallic is 9.18 GPa (936 HV1). The compressive strength of the composites increases with the decrease of Al content, ranging from 567 MPa to 876 MPa. The plastic elongation of the composites was increasing with the increase of Al content, while the Al₃Ni₂ intermetallic failed in the elastic region.     

A Novel Ironing Process with Extra High Thickness Reduction: Constrained Ironing

A new ironing method entitled constrained ironing is proposed for producing thin-walled cans and components with uniform thickness. This method based on compressive stresses could reach a higher ironing limit ratio or thickness reduction ratio (TRR) without interruption for additional processing such as multi-stage ironing and annealing between different stages. When the constrained ironing starts, the punch pushes the constrained material to reduce the thickness from the outer surface of the cup. The state of the stresses is fully compressive in this new process while it is tensile in the conventional ironing method. The results showed that after constrained ironing process, the tensile strength and hardness increased to 204 MPa and 85 HV, respectively, from the initial values of 71 MPa and 25 HV. Thus, very high TRR is achievable in the constrained ironing process. Obtaining a higher TRR about 80% after only single stage ironing, removing the annealing stages, and obtaining higher strength and hardness of the ironed cup are several advantages of the proposed method. This novel and simple process could be very promising for the industrial applications to replace the conventional process and to reduce the final product cost.     

Effect of compressive stress inducing a band gap narrowing on the photoinduced activities of sol-gel TiO2 films

TiO₂ thin films grown on different kinds of substrates were obtained by sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction revealed that the TiO₂ lattice parameter c decreased continuously, indicating a continuous variation in the compressive stress, a negligible compressive stress of the film grown onto Soda-Lime Glass (SLG), medium compressive stress of the film grown onto BoroSilicate Glass (BSG) and large compressive stress of the film deposited onto the Quartz Substrate (QS). UV-Vis absorbance spectra exhibited a red-shift of the absorbance edge of the TiO₂ films suggesting a lowering of the band gap, which is a direct consequence of the increase of the compressive stress. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the surface composition of titania films was similar except for sodium-ion concentration. The rate observed during the photo-oxydation of the stearic acid on TiO₂/QS was twice as high as that of TiO₂/BSG and about 1000 times superior to that of TiO₂/SLG. The photoinduced wettability shows an identical dependence of the compressive stress. According to these results, the compressive stress could be used to tune the band gap of the titanium oxide in order to enhance the photoinduced properties.     

Divergent impact study of the compressive failure threshold in SiC and B4C

The compressive failure threshold of boron carbide and silicon carbide ceramics has been studied in impact experiments with an axisymmetric divergent flow, generated by the impact of convex copper flyer plates having velocities in the 550-720 m/s range. The radius of curvature of the flyer plates was in the 88-650 mm range. The sample-window (sapphire) interface velocities or the velocities of the free surface of the nickel witness plate were monitored continuously by VISAR. The maximum shear stress achieved under different radial stresses, just prior to the sample failure, is associated with the compressive failure threshold of the ceramic. The compressive failure threshold of the studied ceramics and the parameters of their inelastic deformation were determined by matching the results of the AUTODYN-2D numerical simulation with the experimentally obtained waveforms. The compressive failure threshold of SiC is characterized by a transition from a brittle-like behavior below a radial stress of about 1.5 GPa, to a ductile-like one at higher radial stresses. Boron carbide, in contrast, displays an apparently brittle failure over the whole studied stress interval.     

Microstructure evolution and analysis of a single crystal nickel-based superalloy during compressive creep

During compressive creep, the cubical γ′ phase in [0 0 1] orientation single crystal nickel-based superalloy is transformed into the rafted structure along the direction parallel to the applied stress axis. By means of the elastic stress-strain finite element method (FEM), the von Mises stress distributions of the cubical γ′/γ phases are calculated for investigating the influence of the applied stress on the stress distribution and the directional coarsening regularity of γ′ phase. Results show that the stress distribution of the cubical γ/γ′ phases may be changed by the applied compressive stress, and the coarsening orientation of γ′ phase is related to the von Mises stress distribution of the γ matrix channel. Thereinto, under the action of applied compressive stress, the bigger von Mises stress produced on (0 0 1) plane of the cubical γ′ phase is thought to be a main reason of the microstructure evolution. The expression of the driving force for the elements diffusion and the directional growing of γ′ phase during compressive creep are also proposed.     

宽带雷达中频回波长脉冲压缩采样重构中的分段重叠处理及其机理分析

宽带雷达中频回波在频域上稀疏。根据压缩感知理论,可对其进行压缩采样并从压缩采样结果中以很高的概率重构出原信号。中频回波压缩采样的重构需要的矩阵尺寸由中频回波的长度决定。在长脉冲情况下,重构所需的矩阵尺寸大,占用内存资源过多,处理速度慢。针对此问题,论文将分段重叠处理引入重构过程。论文首先详细给出了引入分段重叠处理之后的重构方法,接着通过严格数学推导,证明了频谱泄漏与局部时域序列的关系具有如下特点:远离谱峰的谱值受时域序列两端的影响要强于靠近谱峰的谱值,利用该特点说明了分段重叠处理抑制误差的机理。实测数据实验表明了分段重叠处理在重构质量上优于分段不重叠处理,在对存储资源的要求上远低于不分段处理。     

低水胶比机制砂高性能混凝土的最优配比的确定

本文采用调优操作最优化方法、正交试验设计法、综合评分法对低水胶比机制砂高性能混凝土的配合比进行了系统的试验研究,并用MATLAB统计软件进行计算,成功配制出工作性和抗压强度都较好的低水胶比高性能混凝土。对影响低水胶比机制砂高性能混凝土工作性和力学性的主要因素进行了分析,确定出配制低水胶比机制砂高性能混凝土的最显著影响因素和最优配合比,所得结论为低水胶比机制砂高性能混凝土的进一步研究与应用提供了参考。