ST-KT固体丙烯酸类浆料的应用

为了解ST-KT固体丙烯酸类浆料的性能,将ST-KT浆料用于细号高密品种,并在贝宁格浆纱机上进行了上浆实践.结果表明,ST-KT与变性淀粉等浆料混合使用,可大大减少PVA的用量,降低上浆成本,且织造时经纱断头显著减少.     

Choice models with mixtures: An application to a cocktail experiment

Data from choice experiments are analyzed using choice models. Proper modeling allows a good understanding of the consumer preferences, the identification of consumer segments and the optimization of products, and, eventually, offers opportunities for competitive advantage. However, in the analysis of choice data, products that are mixtures of ingredients have been largely overlooked. In this paper, we combine traditional choice models and traditional mixture models. We apply the resulting mixture choice models to data from a real-life experiment in which consumers made pair-wise comparisons involving seven cocktails. For the choice models, we first assume consumer homogeneity. Next, we allow for heterogeneity among individuals. Therefore, we discuss the multinomial logit model, the mixed logit model and the latent class model. For identifying segments, besides the latent class model, we explore various two-stage segmentation approaches in which forces, hierarchical Bayes estimates and Firth individual-level estimates are used as input for a cluster analysis. The results show that the mixed logit model and the latent class model describe the data better than the multinomial logit model. The optimal cocktails for the segments we identified using the various methods are not identical, but show many similarities.     

紧密纺品种适应性的思考与建议

探讨紧密纺纱的品种适应性.阐述了当前紧密纺纱的成效、优点、存在的不足和缺陷.具体分析了不需要采用紧密纺的品种以及紧密纺改造中应注意的问题.指出:推广紧密纺不可一哄而上,应正确认识紧密纺品种的适应性,把握设备改造的力度和范围,宜选用紧密纺和传统纺兼容的细纱机.倡导用纱对口,有的放矢生产紧密纱,做到物尽其用,以取得更好的经济效益.企业推广紧密纺,应按自身实际条件、产品特征进行可行性分析,优选机型,缩短投资回收期.     

浆料生产和应用中若干问题探讨

总结目前浆料生产和应用过程中存在的问题及解决方法。阐述了当前浆料市场的现状,分析了纺织企业在浆料应用、取代PVA上浆、优化配置浆料配方中存在的问题。指出目前棉纺织企业的用浆成本普遍偏高,挖潜增效的潜力很大。认为:在浆料配方设计中,应充分掌握各种浆料的组分、性能和质量,遵循相似相容原理和少元、合理、经济的原则选择相适应的浆料,根据所生产织物的密度、号数、配比等进行合理设计,以期达到科学配方、经济成本的目的,同时兼顾当前不用或少用PVA的社会责任。     

基于ERP管控视角下的纺织企业缝隙成本优化

探讨基于ERP管控视角下纺织企业缝隙成本优化的问题。通过分析纺织行业特性与成本管理现状,发现在生产流程中存在缝隙成本,这些缝隙成本单位价值较小,但是数量巨大,汇聚起来相当可观。介绍了ERP的营业成本优化方案及ERP系统成本控制的效果。指出:由于企业成本管理制度设计不合理、财务业务流程不规范、全面预算没有被严格执行,管理粗放造成了纺织企业缝隙成本过高。认为:要降低纺织企业成本,减少缝隙成本,关键在于精细化管理,利用企业资源计划可有效控制成本、预防风险,实现纺织企业经济利益最大化。     

Estimation of the costs of acute gastrointestinal illness in British Columbia, Canada

The costs associated with gastrointestinal infection (GI) in the province of British Columbia, Canada, were estimated using data from a population-based survey in three health service delivery areas, namely Vancouver, East Kootenay and Northern Interior. The number of cases of disease, consequent expenditure of resources and associated economic costs were modeled as probability distributions in a stochastic model. Using 2004 prices, the estimated mean annual cost per capita of gastrointestinal infection was CAN$128.61 (euro207.96), with a mean annual cost per case of CAN$1,342.57 (euro2,170.99). The mean estimate of the overall economic burden to British Columbia was CAN$514.2 million (euro831.5 million) (95% CFI CAN$161.0 million to CAN$5.8 billion; euro260.3 million to euro9.38 billion). The major element of this cost was the loss of productivity associated with time away from paid employment by both the sick and their caregivers. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the uncertainty associated with the base model assumptions did not significantly affect the estimates. The results are comparable to those obtained in an earlier study using a similar analytical framework and data from the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.     

Equivalent a posteriori error estimates for elliptic optimal control problems with L1-control cost

An elliptic optimal control problem involving the $L^1$ norm of the control in the cost functional is considered in this paper. We use the full discretization and the variational discretization to approximate the control problem and the efficient and reliable a posteriori error estimates are obtained for the two cases. For the variational discretization, we also analyze the convergence of adaptive finite element methods. In the end, some examples are provided to validate our analysis.     

Estimating using cost significant global cost models

Cost significant models have been suggested as one way of overcoming criticisms of the amount of detail contained within the traditional bill of quantities. Recent research into these models reveals a lack of formal rules for the selection of work packages to be used within the models, and a potential to overestimate the cost of projects. This paper presents a methodology for selecting work packages, and recommends a refinement to the technique that reduces the variability in estimates produced using cost significance. Estimates are produced using both the traditional method of producing cost significant models, and a refined global cost methodology. Both techniques are tested against unpriced bills to measure the difference in results, with significant improvements being achieved with the new technique.     

Reducing the use of resources in medium-sized Swedish construction enterprises: production managers’ views

What construction firms do—and do not do—to reduce the use of resources in construction projects is explored by adopting production managers’ views of their firms’ onsite activities. A literature review and empirical data are combined; 15 production managers have been asked how they perceived their company’s compliance with 31 recommendations to reduce the use of resources. The managers perceived their firms to primarily focus on identifying their customers’ real needs, stimulating employees to undertake further education, and striving for long-term customer–supplier relationships. In contrast, they perceived that less attention was directed to making use of all of the week’s hours, to supporting their main suppliers in their development, and planning feedback and training after project completion. The use of resources is examined by focusing on the perceived low priority given to gathering information and knowledge, as well as to reducing time and the need for long-term relationships with customers in contrast to short-term relationships with suppliers. The managers adopted a project-specific approach mainly to the use of material resources. A more holistic view of resources could enable the development of novel solutions in construction.     

The principal factors affecting construction project overhead expenses: an exploratory factor analysis approach

Estimation is the first step in the project development process. Information technology provides an efficient platform for estimators to obtain quotations and specifications for their bid estimates. However, in practice, project overhead estimation relies heavily on the professional judgement and intuition of the estimators. This reduces the overall accuracy and reliability of the bid and a better understanding of the factors affecting project overheads is fundamental before any improved estimating methods can be devised. Unfortunately, the published literature on this topic is very limited. Using exploratory factor analysis, we aim to bridge the current knowledge gap by highlighting the principal factors affecting project overheads. Questionnaires detailing 27 variables were sent to quantity surveying managers of large contractors in Hong Kong. Seventy-nine valid responses were analysed by exploratory factor analysis. From the results, eight factors were extracted with their latent properties identified with reference to the expert opinions collected from telephone interviews. The findings clarify some misconceptions about the factors affecting project overheads and provide useful evidence for practitioners and researchers to understand project overheads. Estimators who address the identified factors when assessing future project overhead costs can improve the accuracy of their cost estimates and project budgets.