非贵金属裂解汽油一段加氢催化剂的制备

讨论了在裂解汽油一段加氢反应中镍基催化剂的制备条件及制备方法,同时还在相同工况下与参比剂进行了活性,选择性的对比。     

Vibration, buckling and dynamic stability of cracked cylindrical shells

The presence of cracks in a structure can considerably affect its behaviour. This paper presents a finite element study on the vibration, buckling and dynamic stability behaviour of a cracked cylindrical shell with fixed supports and subject to an in plane compressive/tensile periodic edge load. The effects of crack length and orientation are analysed. Under tension load, the results show that the frequency of the shell initially increases with the load, but then decreases as the load further increases leading to buckling due to tension load. The size and the orientation of the crack and the loading parameter can all have a significant effect on the dynamic stability behaviour of the shell under both compressive and tensile loading. The effects of these parameters are discussed in detail.     

Vibrations of rectangular plates with internal cracks or slits

This work applies the famous Ritz method to analyze the free vibrations of rectangular plates with internal cracks or slits. To retain the important and useful feature of the Ritz method providing the upper bounds on exact natural frequencies, the paper proposes a new set of admissible functions that are able to properly describe the stress singularity behaviors near the tips of the crack and meet the discontinuous behaviors of the exact solutions across the crack. The validity of the proposed set of functions is confirmed through comprehensive convergence studies on the frequencies of simply supported square plates with horizontal center cracks having different lengths. The convergent frequencies show excellent agreement with published accurate results obtained by an integration equation technique, and are more accurate than those obtained by a previously published approach using the Ritz method combined with a domain decomposition technique. Finally, the present solution is employed to obtain accurate natural frequencies and mode shapes for simply supported and completely free square plates with internal cracks having various locations, lengths, and angular orientations. Most of the configurations considered here have not been analyzed in the previously published literature. The present results are novel, and are the first published vibration data for completely free rectangular plates with internal cracks and for plates with internal cracks, which are not parallel to the boundaries.     

Residual ultimate strength of cracked steel unstiffened and stiffened plates under longitudinal compression

This paper numerically deals with the influence of cracks (in terms of length and location) on the ultimate compressive strength characteristics of unstiffened and stiffened plate elements used in thin-walled structures. The cracks were presumed to be through-thickness, having no contact between their faces and no propagation was allowed. A series of nonlinear finite element analyses was conducted using ANSYS commercial finite element code in which the Newton–Raphson method has been employed to solve the nonlinear governing equations.This study indicates that the length of cracks and especially its location can significantly affect the ultimate strength characteristics of unstiffened and stiffened plate elements subjected to axial compressive action.     

浅析裂解气的温度测量误差及对策

各裂解炉管出口温度(COT)偏差的发散和误差确定，将对裂解炉操作和乙烯收率带来很大的影响。对生产中出现的COT误差问题进行详细分析探讨，介绍一种测量高温高速气体温度的新技术。     

General harmonic balance solution of a cracked rotor-bearing-disk system for harmonic and sub-harmonic analysis: Analytical and experimental approach

The effect of crack depth of a rotor-bearing-disk system on vibration amplitudes and whirl orbit shapes is investigated through a general harmonic balance technique and experimental verification. Two models of the crack, which are the breathing and the open crack models, are considered. Finite element models and general harmonic balance solutions are derived for breathing and open cracks which are valid for damped and undamped rotor systems. It is found via waterfall plots of the system with a breathing crack that there are large vibration amplitudes at critical values of crack depth and rotor speed for a slight unbalance in the system. The high vibration amplitudes at the backward whirl appear at earlier crack depths than those of the forward whirl for both crack models. Resonance peaks at the second, third and fourth subcritical speeds emerge as the crack depth increases. It is shown that the unique signature of orbits for the breathing crack model which have been verified experimentally can be used as an indication of a breathing crack in the shaft. In addition, the veering in the critical frequencies has been noticed in the open crack case.     

Fatigue crack growth analysis of stiffened cracked panel repaired with bonded composite patch

Fatigue crack growth behavior in a stiffened thin 2024-T3 aluminum panel repaired with one-sided adhesively bonded composite patch was investigated through experiments and analyses. The patch had three plies of unidirectional boron/epoxy composite. 2024-T3 aluminum stiffeners were riveted as well as bonded on the panel. Stiffeners were oriented in the loading direction and were spaced at either 102 mm or 152 mm with a crack centered between them. Also, un-repaired cracked panel with and without stiffeners were studied. Experiment involved tension-tension fatigue at constant amplitude with maximum stress of 120 MPa and stress ratio of 0.05. Bonded composite patch repair increased fatigue life about five-fold in the case of stiffened panels while it increased about ten fold in the case of un-stiffened panels. Fatigue life also increased with decrease of the distance between the stiffeners for both repaired and un-repaired panels. A three-dimensional finite element method was used to analyze the experiments. Residual thermal stresses, developed during patch bonding, requires the knowledge of temperature at which adhesive becomes effective in creating a bond between the structure and patch in the analysis. A simple method to estimate the effective curing temperature range is suggested in this study. The computed stress intensity factor versus measured crack growth relationships for all panel configurations were consistent and in agreement with the counterpart from the test material. Thus, the present approach provides a means to analyze the fatigue crack growth behavior of stiffened structures repaired with adhesively bonded composite patch.     

烃类与非烃综合判识干酪根与原油裂解气

在天然气成因类型研究中,如何有效识别干酪根与原油裂解气一直是一个难题。选取不同类型干酪根、不同性质原油开展半封闭—半开放体系的热压生排烃模拟实验及其产物的地球化学分析研究,并对典型的干酪根、原油裂解气（田）进行了地球化学统计和比对。研究表明,干酪根热解气与原油裂解气中烷烃组分及其碳同位素组成显示相似的演化特征,Ln(C₂/C₃)值均呈早期近似水平和晚期近似垂向变化特征,在高过成熟阶段Ln(C₂/C₃)值与δ¹³C₂-δ¹³C₃差值具有快速增大的趋势,二者趋同性变化特征指示了生气母质的高温裂解过程,但这些指标不是干酪根与原油裂解气的判识标志,提出天然气中烷烃分子及同位素组成的有机组合是判断有机质（干酪根、原油）高温裂解气的可靠指标,却并不能直接识别干酪根热解气或原油裂解气;非烃组分的演化特征具有明显的差异性,干酪根热解气以高含氮气(N₂)为主,原油裂解气往往高含硫化氢(H₂ S), N₂、H₂ S含量作为一项重要指标可以与烷烃气同位素组成相结合有效区别干酪根与原油裂解气,分析结果与四川盆地、塔里木盆地不同油气田的地质实际相吻合。天然气中烃类和非烃组成的综合分析为有效判断干酪根与原油裂解气提供了新的途径。     

Buckling analysis of cracked plates using hierarchical trigonometric functions

The present paper deals with the estimation of buckling loads of plates with cracking damages. The hierarchical trigonometric functions are used to define the displacement function of the cracked plate. Selective choosing of the trigonometric functions satisfies the various boundary conditions of a plate bounded by support members in a continuous plated structure. Moreover, the analysis of the cracked plate can be carried out with a minimum number of equations accurately. In the present paper, the buckling loads of plates with various types of cracks, such as edge crack and central crack, are estimated under uniaxial compressive load, biaxial compressive load and in-plane shear load. The results are found to correlate well with those obtained using a finite element method.     

Population growth of the khapra beetle,Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on different commodities

We evaluated the population growth of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on different grains, cracked wheat containment categories and amylaceous materials by conducting three series of laboratory bioassays. In the first series, peeled barley, whole (raw) barley, peeled oats, whole (raw) oats, peeled rice, rough rice, rye, triticale and hard wheat were tested. In the second series, six cracked wheat containment categories were tested: wheat containing intact kernels only (0% cracked kernels), wheat containing 5% cracked kernels and 95% intact kernels, wheat containing 10% cracked kernels and 90% intact kernels, wheat containing 25% cracked kernels and 75% intact kernels, wheat containing 50% cracked kernels and 50% intact kernels and wheat containing 100% cracked kernels. In the third series, the following amylaceous commodities were tested: hard wheat (intact kernels), whole oat flakes, maize flour, whole barley flour, pasta, white soft wheat flour, whole soft wheat flour, white hard wheat flour, whole hard wheat flour, whole rye flour and semolina. Significantly more dead adults were found on wheat than on peeled barley, maize, whole oats, rough rice and rye. Significantly more larvae alive were found on wheat and triticale, than on the other grains, with the exception of oats, both whole and peeled. The increase of the percentage of cracked wheat kernels increased population growth, except in the case of 10% cracked wheat kernels. In vials that contained 100% cracked wheat kernels, 584.1 individuals per vial were found, which was 3.7 times more than the respective number of larvae alive in vials with intact wheat kernels only. Significantly more dead adults were found on whole barley flour than on the other commodities. More than 1213 larvae per vial were recorded on whole barley flour, which was 1.3–15 times higher than the other commodities. The lowest number of larvae alive was found on pasta, followed by the white soft wheat flour. The findings of the present work show that some commodities are more prone to spread T. granarium than others, a fact which should be seriously taken into account in international trade of grains and related amylaceous products.