Improvement of the storage process for cracked table olives

The aim of this work was to improve the storage method for cracked table olives. First, a study was carried out of the washing phase in 5% (wt/vol) NaCl brine with ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulphite added to it. Its use removed half the proportion of the initial sugar content in the flesh and markedly decreased the content of polyphenols in the fruits, confirming the effectiveness of this treatment. Washing with 5% NaCl and sodium metabisulphite was selected and applied in storage phase which follows. Storage of the washed cracked olives produced an additional decrease in sugars and polyphenols in the flesh, although the product still retained a fairly high concentration of residual sugars at the end of the storage period. The growth of lactic acid bacteria in this phase was prevented by the high NaCl level (10–13% at the equilibrium) but yeast growth, followed by a decline phase, was found in all storage systems studied. The use of a CO₂ atmosphere led to a partial inactivation of yeasts for about 300 h and showed a protective effect on polyphenols. Application of ozone had a favourable effect on initial solubilisation of sugars and polyphenols but caused a negative effect on fresh appearance, colour retention and polyphenol degradation. CaCl₂ + MgCl₂ treatment led to a significantly faster decline phase of yeasts. A tentative improved process for cracked olive storage may consist of a previous washing of olives for 24 h with a 5% NaCl solution (optionally added with 0.1% sodium metabisulphite), and a subsequent brining in a 15% NaCl solution with 0.25% CaCl₂ + 0.20% MgCl₂ or in a 15% NaCl brine under CO₂ atmosphere.     

国外裂解碳五馏分的分离状况

介绍了国外裂解碳五馏分的分离技术。     

Crack tip stress fields for thin,cracked plates in bending,shear and twisting: A comparison of plate theory and three-dimensional elasticity theory solutions

A three-dimensional finite element study of crack tip fields in thin plates under bending, shearing, and twisting loads is carried out to study the relation of the plate theory crack tip fields to the actual, three dimensional crack tip fields. In the region r>0.5h the Kirchhoff theory is a good approximation of the three dimensional stress fields for symmetric plate bending. The Reissner theory gives a good approximation in the region r<0.1h. Similar results are found for the shear and twisting problems, although for pure shear loading, the Kirchhoff theory is a good approximation somewhat farther r>h from the crack tip than in the bending problem. In the case of shear loading the near tip out-of-plane shear stresses do not vary quadratically through the thickness as in plate theory, but are nearly constant, except in the neighborhood of the free surface. Quadratic variation, as predicted by plate theory, is observed for r>h. Energy release rates based on the Kirchhoff and Reissner theories agree well with those computed by means of three dimensional finite element analyses.     

碳纤维布加固开裂砖墙的试验研究

通过碳纤维布加固已开裂砖墙在周期反复荷载作用下受力性能的试验 ,研究了粘贴碳纤维布加固修复已开裂砖墙这种方法的有效性。本文研究了碳纤维布加固已开裂砖墙的受力和变形特性 ,分析了碳纤维布对开裂砖墙的加固机理。本文还提出了碳纤维布加固已开裂砖墙抗剪承载力的简化计算方法     

An analytical method for free vibration analysis of Timoshenko beam theory applied to cracked nanobeams using a nonlocal elasticity model

This paper is concerned with the free transverse vibration of cracked nanobeams modeled after Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory and Timoshenko beam theory. The cracked beam is modeled as two segments connected by a rotational spring located at the cracked section. This model promotes discontinuities in rotational displacement due to bending which is proportional to bending moment transmitted by the cracked section. The governing equations of cracked nanobeams with two symmetric and asymmetric boundary conditions are derived; then these equations are solved analytically based on concerning basic standard trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. Besides, the frequency parameters and the vibration modes of cracked nanobeams for variant crack positions, crack ratio, and small scale effect parameters are calculated. The vibration solutions obtained provide a better representation of the vibration behavior of short, stubby, micro/nanobeams where the effects of small scale, transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia are significant.     

Buckling analysis of cracked plates using hierarchical trigonometric functions

The present paper deals with the estimation of buckling loads of plates with cracking damages. The hierarchical trigonometric functions are used to define the displacement function of the cracked plate. Selective choosing of the trigonometric functions satisfies the various boundary conditions of a plate bounded by support members in a continuous plated structure. Moreover, the analysis of the cracked plate can be carried out with a minimum number of equations accurately. In the present paper, the buckling loads of plates with various types of cracks, such as edge crack and central crack, are estimated under uniaxial compressive load, biaxial compressive load and in-plane shear load. The results are found to correlate well with those obtained using a finite element method.     

滑动轴承-裂纹转子系统的非线性稳定性分析

利用打靶法结合Floquet理论,对裂纹转子系统稳态周期运动的稳定性进行了分析与研究,揭示了裂纹转子系统同步周期运动分岔导致概周期运动与混沌运动的演变过程．数值计算表明：裂纹转子系统稳态周期运动失稳存在鞍结分岔、倍周期分岔和Hopf分岔三种形式;刚性支承裂纹转子系统周期运动失稳一般只发生在ω0／3和2ω0／3转速附近,较大的裂纹方位角和适度的偏心量有利于提高系统周期运动的稳定性;滑动轴承支承的裂纹转子系统周期运动一般只在ω0／3、ω0／2和2ω0／3转速附近发生分叉失稳,采用三油叶轴承支承有利于提高滑动轴承-裂纹转子系统周期运动的稳定性．     

双圆盘含裂纹转子系统振动特性探究

初始缺陷、工作环境会导致转轴出现不同程度的裂纹。为分析裂纹对转子系统的影响,通过Jeffcott转子动力学模型和断裂力学理论建立了裂纹转子系统的有限元模型。对不同裂纹深度、裂纹角度和不同转速进行了仿真分析,并采用机械综合故障台对部分裂纹转子进行了实验研究。结果表明,裂纹的出现使系统振动响应中出现2X等高阶倍频分量,轴心轨迹出现凹陷甚至套圈现象,振动幅值也随之变大;随着裂纹的加深,系统的不稳定性逐渐增强;裂纹倾斜角度的改变也影响系统的振动特性,45°裂纹对系统的影响最大,当转速开始加快时,系统受裂纹的影响慢慢减小,时域波形趋于平稳,轴心轨迹逐渐变回椭圆形。对实验结果与仿真数据进行对比,验证了仿真及建模的结论。     

R圆角细节原始疲劳质量探索研究

总结了Ｒ圆角细节原始疲劳质量研究的探索工作。通过对所设计的典型Ｒ圆角细节试件的耐久性试验,证实了这种新细节（主要考虑Ｒ圆角过渡区对寿命的影响）可以获得断口的ａ～ｔ曲线（ａ为裂纹长度;ｔ为试验的飞行小时数）,并通过断口反推得到其原始疲劳质量,为这种新细节的耐久性设计和分析提供了技术基础。     

Interaction between a cracked hole and a line crack under uniform heat flux

This article deals with the interaction between a cracked hole and a line crack under uniform heat flux. Using the principle of superposition, the original problem is converted into three particular cracked hole problems: the first one is the problem of the hole with an edge crack under uniform heat flux, the second and third ones are the problems of the hole under distributed temperature and edge dislocations, respectively, along the line crack surface. Singular integral equations satisfying adiabatic and traction free conditions on the crack surface are obtained for the solution of the second and third problems. The solution of the first problem, as well as the fundamental solutions of the second and third, is obtained by the complex variable method along with the rational mapping function approach. Stress intensity factors (SIFs) at all three crack tips are calculated. Interestingly, the results show that the interaction between the cracked hole and the line crack under uniform heat flux can lead to the vanishing of the SIFs at the hole edge crack tip. The fact has never been seen for the case of a cracked hole and a line crack under remote uniform tension.