具有自然采光功能的自然通风装置研究现状

论述了具有自然采光功能的自然通风装置研究现状,指出该装置的应用场合和进一步要研究的问题。     

A generalized window energy rating system for typical office buildings

Detailed computer simulation programs require lengthy inputs, and cannot directly provide an insight to relationship between the window energy performance and the key window design parameters. Hence, several window energy rating systems (WERS) for residential houses and small buildings have been developed in different countries. Many studies showed that utilization of daylight through elaborate design and operation of windows leads to significant energy savings in both cooling and lighting in office buildings. However, the current WERSs do not consider daylighting effect, while most of daylighting analyses do not take into account the influence of convective and infiltration heat gains. Therefore, a generalized WERS for typical office buildings has been presented, which takes all primary influence factors into account. The model includes embodied and operation energy uses and savings by a window to fully reflect interactions among the influence parameters. Reference locations selected for artificial lighting and glare control in the current common simulation practice may cause uncompromised conflicts, which could result in over- or under-estimated energy performance. Widely used computer programs, DOE2 and ADELINE, for hourly daylighting and cooling simulations have their own weaknesses, which may result in unrealistic or inaccurate results. An approach is also presented for taking the advantages of the both programs and avoiding their weaknesses. The model and approach have been applied to a typical office building of Hong Kong as an example to demonstrate how a WERS in a particular location can be established and how well the model can work. The energy effect of window properties, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), building orientation and lighting control strategies have been analyzed, and can be indicated by the localized WERS. An application example also demonstrates that the algebraic WERS derived from simulation results can be easily used for the optimal design of windows in buildings similar to the typical buildings.     

Control of visual conditions for open-plan offices

This paper reports insights about energy savings in buildings dedicated to tertiary activity. The goal is to employ as much as possible natural light flows to minimize the artificial light source consumption. Although the solar energy is power-efficient to light and heat a room, this natural source remains complex to manage and can generate inconveniences related to occupants visual comfort. The authors propose a global solution to deal with visual comfort by controlling the daylight contribution to the indoor light atmosphere. This control structure is based on the use of an innovative sensor of light conditions and it was implemented within an experimental room equipped with classic Venetian blinds. This paper focuses on the control laws to apply in order to meet visual needs for current tasks performed in offices.     

Climatic considerations in school building design in the hot–humid climate for reducing energy consumption

Energy-conscious design of school buildings can contribute to significant energy savings and improve the students’ learning environment. The purpose of this research is to formulate design recommendations for school buildings in the hot–humid climatic zone and assess the influence of different design variables on their energy consumption. A base-case classroom was constructed by taking commonly used values for each design variable. Using computer simulation techniques, these variables were modified one by one to find the value that minimized energy consumption, while keeping thermal and visual comfort in the room. Based on these tests, the recommended value for each design variable to achieve a high performance classroom, was determined. Comparative tests were done to determine which variables have greatest impact on the energy consumption and thermal comfort in the classroom, and how their absolute influence depends on the order of implementation of each improvement. A complex interdependence among the design variables was found, but strong conclusions for energy savings could still be reached.     

研究天然采光质量方法论初探(英文)

尽管高品质的天然采光可以提高居住环境的舒适度,益于居住者的身心健康,但人们很少了解居住者对天然采光的需求与天然采光之间的量的关系。笔者通过回顾性研究,在结合建筑科学、社会科学、心理学研究方法的基础上,探索一种利用物理实地测量、问卷调查、数理统计为一体的综合研究模式,来建立天然采光的质与量之间的关系,并以此评估建筑天然采光的质量。本文以研究香港中学天然采光质量为例,评估该研究模式的可行性。研究结果证实:此研究模式可以较理想的评估学校建筑的自然采光质量问题。     

Daylight illuminance control with fuzzy logic

The purpose is to take full advantage of daylight for inside illumination. The inside illuminance and luminous efficacy of the available solar radiation were analyzed. The paper deals with the controlled dynamic illuminance response of built environment in real-time conditions. The aim is controlled functioning of the roller blind as a regulation device to assure the desired inside illuminance with smooth roller blind moving. Automatic illuminance control based on fuzzy logic is realized on a test chamber with an opening on the south side. The development and design of the fuzzy controller for the corresponding positioning of the roller blind with the available solar radiation as external disturbance is the subject of this paper.     

天然采光的生态方法

在建筑中利用天然光，有利于节约照明能耗，具有生态意义。该文了天然采光的三种方法及其生态原则，对天然采光的设计具有一定的指导作用。     

Artificial neural networks to predict daylight illuminance in office buildings

A prediction model was developed to determine daylight illuminance for the office buildings by using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Illuminance data were collected for 3 months by applying a field measuring method. Utilizing weather data from the local weather station and building parameters from the architectural drawings, a three-layer ANN model of feed-forward type (with one output node) was constructed. Two variables for time (date, hour), 5 weather determinants (outdoor temperature, solar radiation, humidity, UV index and UV dose) and 6 building parameters (distance to windows, number of windows, orientation of rooms, floor identification, room dimensions and point identification) were considered as input variables. Illuminance was used as the output variable. In ANN modeling, the data were divided into two groups; the first 80 of these data sets were used for training and the remaining 20 for testing. Microsoft Excel Solver used simplex optimization method for the optimal weights. The model's performance was then measured by using the illuminance percentage error. As the prediction power of the model was almost 98%, predicted data had close matches with the measured data. The prediction results were successful within the sample measurements. The model was then subjected to sensitivity analysis to determine the relationship between the input and output variables. NeuroSolutions Software by NeuroDimensions Inc., was adopted for this application. Researchers and designers will benefit from this model in daylighting performance assessment of buildings by making predictions and comparisons and in the daylighting design process by determining illuminance.