基于知识情感等级BDI主体的决策行为模型研究

为了将知识、信念、愿望和意图以及害怕、焦虑和自信对决策行为的影响的强烈程度进行形式化,把无穷值的卢卡斯维茨逻辑的真值取值范围从[0,1]扩展到[-1,1]。知识情感等级BDI主体的决策行为通过添加了具体条件的不同背景的不同测度来决定;知识情感等级BDI主体模型清晰地表示了主体的知识状态、心智状态和情感状态的不确定性;此模型可以轻易地向其他类型的主体进行推广。在给出了知识情感等级BDI模型的语言、语义以及此模型的不同背景之间的相互关系之后,对知识情感等级BDI主体的军事决策行为进行了实例分析。此研究旨在为分布式人工智能和军事仿真提供形式支持。     

A new graphical visualization of n-dimensional Pareto front for decision-making in multiobjective optimization

New challenges in engineering design lead to multiobjective (multicriteria) problems. In this context, the Pareto front supplies a set of solutions where the designer (decision-maker) has to look for the best choice according to his preferences. Visualization techniques often play a key role in helping decision-makers, but they have important restrictions for more than two-dimensional Pareto fronts. In this work, a new graphical representation, called Level Diagrams, for n-dimensional Pareto front analysis is proposed. Level Diagrams consists of representing each objective and design parameter on separate diagrams. This new technique is based on two key points: classification of Pareto front points according to their proximity to ideal points measured with a specific norm of normalized objectives (several norms can be used); and synchronization of objective and parameter diagrams. Some of the new possibilities for analyzing Pareto fronts are shown. Additionally, in order to introduce designer preferences, Level Diagrams can be coloured, so establishing a visual representation of preferences that can help the decision-maker. Finally, an example of a robust control design is presented - a benchmark proposed at the American Control Conference. This design is set as a six-dimensional multiobjective problem.     

Methodological considerations in analysing anaesthetists' habits of action in clinical situations

Human activity can be seen as an intentional, context-dependent enterprise explained through meanings the actors attach to their activity and their directly observable interactions with the environment. The authors have demonstrated previously a new conceptual framework to describe the anaesthetist's activity. One of the central concepts besides orientation is habit of action referring to the way in which the actor has organized his actions when interacting with his environment, in this case a patient with unique physiological potentials, information monitors and anaesthetic drugs. The activity dependent on contingent, particular circumstances, needs to be studied as it appears in a natural situation. Using an idiographic study design the authors have examined the activity of eight expert anaesthetists in clinical settings to determine the characteristics of their habits of action. To capture the fleeting circumstances during the anaesthetic process, a wide observational basis was necessary. It consisted of videotapes, detailed expert observations, and interviews. The conceptual analysis of the subject, habit of action, is described step-by-step. Two distinct habits of action could be identified, confirming earlier results. The interpretative habit of action was characterized by extensive use of situational information in order to construct a cumulative conception of the patient's physiological potentials to control the process accurately. Moreover, rich dialogue between formal professional knowledge and patient-specific, particular knowledge was evident. The reactive habit of action was characterized by a tendency to regulate the process by means of predetermined conventional ranges of measured patient parameters shown by monitors. The authors discuss their methodological solutions and results, and explicate their differences to the earlier approaches.     

机器人足球比赛系统决策编程的可视化

分析了机器人足球比赛系统中决策子系统的一般结构,建立了产生式推理模型和决策的表达模型,构造了本机器人足球比赛系统的决策程序的结构;定义了决策存储的结构体变量类型,设计了菜单,并以此形式实现了决策编程的可视化。     

基于Agent的协同计划辅助决策系统研究

该文以红蓝双方海上编队对抗为背景,以建立和修改海上多兵种协同攻击计划方案为系统总任务,基于数据库、模型库、知识库、方案库,建立相应的数据管理机制,并将面向分布式人工智能理论技术应用到海上多兵种协同作战计划智能辅助决策系统设计实现中,提出了协同作战智能体单元的概念,给出了该MAS系统的管理结构及智能体的组成,以及各自的功能分类,构建了系统的构成框架,总结了基于Agent技术的辅助决策系统的特点,并与普通的辅助决策系统进行了比较。     

一个基于SLIQ的分类算法的实现

在介绍数据挖掘、分类算法的有关概念的基础上，描述了一个基于SLIQ(Supervised Learning in Quest)的分类算法的实现。算法控制结构采用队列来控制广度优先搜索，对属性表进行内部排序生成有序的属性表序列，再对所有属性表进行遍历，找出所有叶子节点的最佳分裂方案，对应该分裂的类表进行更改，最后生成的决策树通过前序遍历的方式存入输出表。     

基于语义技术的柑橘园土壤环境判定决策支持系统的设计与实现

农业生产管理决策支持系统对提高相关农产品的产量与质量起到越来越重要的作用。针对柑橘生产中土壤环境影响柑橘生长的问题,提出了基于语义技术的柑橘园土壤环境判定决策支持系统,重点讨论了该决策支持系统的系统结构、土壤语义数据库的建立以及推理规则的定义等,并应用语义数据库软件AllegroGraph实现了柑橘土壤语义数据库。     

Self-adaptive systems: A survey of current approaches,research challenges and applications

Self-adaptive software is capable of evaluating and changing its own behavior, whenever the evaluation shows that the software is not accomplishing what it was intended to do, or when better functionality or performance may be possible. The topic of system adaptivity has been widely studied since the mid-60s and, over the past decade, several application areas and technologies relating to self-adaptivity have assumed greater importance. In all these initiatives, software has become the common element that introduces self-adaptability. Thus, the investigation of systematic software engineering approaches is necessary, in order to develop self-adaptive systems that may ideally be applied across multiple domains. The main goal of this study is to review recent progress on self-adaptivity from the standpoint of computer sciences and cybernetics, based on the analysis of state-of-the-art approaches reported in the literature. This review provides an over-arching, integrated view of computer science and software engineering foundations. Moreover, various methods and techniques currently applied in the design of self-adaptive systems are analyzed, as well as some European research initiatives and projects. Finally, the main bottlenecks for the effective application of self-adaptive technology, as well as a set of key research issues on this topic, are precisely identified, in order to overcome current constraints on the effective application of self-adaptivity in its emerging areas of application.     

Strategic thinking and stress

In this study we investigate the behaviour and the performance of experimental subjects, who had to solve a series of tasks of ‘strategic thinking’ under a stress and a non-stress condition. No significant differences between the conditions could be found with respect to performance and improvement of performance within the series of tasks, but the experimental subjects exhibited under the different conditions different forms of behaviour. Unexpectedly the Ss working under the stress-condition exhibited a more ‘analytical’ behaviour and increased their workload, instead of decreasing it. Additionally they exhibited a tendency for measures with salient effects and proved to be better in finding the right points of main effort. The results are discussed with respect to a general theory of action regulation.     

基于NX CAM系统的复杂曲面数控铣削方法自动选择研究

为了有效解决复杂曲面数控加工规划困难、对用户的数控加工知识和经验要求高等问题,基于NX CAM软件设计出一套满足复杂曲面精加工需求的铣削方法决策系统,通过提炼出复杂曲面中与特定加工方法相关联的加工特征,合理选择加工复杂曲面的4种主要铣削方法深度轮廓铣、固定轴轮廓铣、混合铣、可变轴轮廓铣中的一种作为加工方法。利用NX Open C(UFUN)和NX Open C++结合的二次开发方式进行实例验证。结果表明：该系统能减少人机交互操作过程,降低对编程人员的技术要求,并在一定程度上减少了数控编程的时间。