基于态势评估的实体决策行为模拟

作战实体由人员和装备组成,其中人具有能动性。因此在作战过程中,作战实体都具有一定的自主权,能根据战场当前的态势,对自己的行为做出决策。该文提出了作战实体基于态势评估的决策行为模型,给出了一种战场态势的表示方法,并设计了一种战场当前态势与模板库中态势进行匹配比较的算法。该模型模拟了作战实体在战场中的决策行为,为实现计算机生成兵力的自动决策,减少人的参与程度提供了一种有效方法,可以应用于评估论证型的模型系统。     

Factors influencing the use of artificial intelligence in government: Evidence from China

Some studies have discussed the potential and challenges related to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in government. However, there are few empirical studies that have examined factors that influence the use of AI in government. By collecting policy documents and empirical data from the government, IT enterprises, and the public in China, we identified the influencing factors in the three stages of government adoption, implementation, and decision-making. The research results show that the influencing factors of government application of AI are different at different stages and with different stakeholders’ backgrounds.     

Strategic thinking and stress

In this study we investigate the behaviour and the performance of experimental subjects, who had to solve a series of tasks of ‘strategic thinking’ under a stress and a non-stress condition. No significant differences between the conditions could be found with respect to performance and improvement of performance within the series of tasks, but the experimental subjects exhibited under the different conditions different forms of behaviour. Unexpectedly the Ss working under the stress-condition exhibited a more ‘analytical’ behaviour and increased their workload, instead of decreasing it. Additionally they exhibited a tendency for measures with salient effects and proved to be better in finding the right points of main effort. The results are discussed with respect to a general theory of action regulation.     

Industrial maintenance decision-making: A systematic literature review

The increasing competition among industries has leveraged the emergence of various tools and methods for maintenance decision-making support. This paper identifies in literature the application areas of industrial maintenance decision-making, the relationships between these areas and the ways in which authors integrate tools and methods. This information makes it possible to identify trends and deficiencies in this context, helping to centralize the efforts required for future work. This work follows a series of structured steps for a systematic literature review of papers related to the main topic available in online databases. The selected papers are subject to a content assessment and grouped according to the application areas. The direct comparison between these areas and the construction of a relational matrix provide a quantitative interpretation of the results and well-structured information. Additionally, this paper proposes a framework based on information from the literature, which summarizes the origin and flow of information used in the development of models, showing the relationship among application areas of decision making. The research undertaken identifies trends focused on joint production systems optimization and increasing the deployment of methods for autonomous equipment predictions.     

A gaming approach to networked infrastructure management

Operational decision-making processes for networked infrastructure management often occur as a multi-actor planning problem, implying these are based on negotiations between different stakeholders in addition to available system quality information. As such, does more accurate data about actual structural condition lead to other or better decision-making? A serious game is introduced, Maintenance in Motion, aiming at investigating the influence of information quality on rehabilitation decisions, for single- and multi-actor decision-making. Players manage drinking water, gas, sewer and street infrastructures. They are to balance their individual goal, cost-effectiveness, with their team utility, increasing overall infrastructure quality to minimise failure while minimising overall public costs. The game design, calibration and solution space are presented.     

A CONTINGENCY APPROACH TO CHOICE

The moment of choice, when a decision option is identified as being preferred, is a key stage in a decision-making process. Some explicit or implicit mechanism, be it optimising, satisficing or a combination of the two, is required to make a choice. Dependable decision-making requires an appropriate choice mechanism, but the process and criteria by which a choice mechanism is selected are seldom addressed. A contingency approach to choice is proposed in which a choice mechanism is selected according to the characteristics of the information available and the meta-level constraints and objectives of the decision-maker. Information used in the choice is characterised according to the extent and type of uncertainty. The importance in effective decision-making of meta-level requirements, for example for inclusive and transparent mechanisms, is discussed. Normative and fuzzy choice mechanisms are cast within a generic framework of choice mechanisms. A new theory of choice based on interval probabilities is introduced for use in some situations where existing theories of choice are inappropriate.     

基于NX CAM系统的复杂曲面数控铣削方法自动选择研究

为了有效解决复杂曲面数控加工规划困难、对用户的数控加工知识和经验要求高等问题,基于NX CAM软件设计出一套满足复杂曲面精加工需求的铣削方法决策系统,通过提炼出复杂曲面中与特定加工方法相关联的加工特征,合理选择加工复杂曲面的4种主要铣削方法深度轮廓铣、固定轴轮廓铣、混合铣、可变轴轮廓铣中的一种作为加工方法。利用NX Open C(UFUN)和NX Open C++结合的二次开发方式进行实例验证。结果表明：该系统能减少人机交互操作过程,降低对编程人员的技术要求,并在一定程度上减少了数控编程的时间。     

国际工程投标风险的模糊决策综合评判

结合模糊评价和模糊决策分析方法,构建模糊决策综合评判模型,对工程项目进行风险评价,为国际工程项目风险管理提供一种客观实用的分析方法。     

Co-creation of value and the project context: Towards application on the case of Hinkley Point C Nuclear Power Station

The research analyses decisions as evaluative outcomes regarding project value. The UK-French Hinkley Point C Nuclear Power Station provides the case study. Value is traditionally assessed as inputs and outputs. Here, value is conceptualized as a co-created value proposition at the front-end with implications for realization post-completion. Service-dominant logic (SDL) provides the theoretical lens and contributes to a methodological approach for examining projects. Decision-making outcomes provide the evidence from a range of data sources, including reports and commentaries. The methods are interpretative. The findings show that decision-making extends beyond the time-cost-quality/scope dimensions. The long-term issues regarding value realized are often overlooked. Stakeholders and individual actors have mainly focused upon managing political and financial risks, especially time and cost. The research poses challenges to project management analysis, SDL and research design in assessing evidence. Addressing these issues facilitates a knowledge contribution to SDL theorization and the field of project management.     

Review on multi-criteria decision analysis aid in sustainable energy decision-making

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods have become increasingly popular in decision-making for sustainable energy because of the multi-dimensionality of the sustainability goal and the complexity of socio-economic and biophysical systems. This article reviewed the corresponding methods in different stages of multi-criteria decision-making for sustainable energy, i.e., criteria selection, criteria weighting, evaluation, and final aggregation. The criteria of energy supply systems are summarized from technical, economic, environmental and social aspects. The weighting methods of criteria are classified into three categories: subjective weighting, objective weighting and combination weighting methods. Several methods based on weighted sum, priority setting, outranking, fuzzy set methodology and their combinations are employed for energy decision-making. It is observed that the investment cost locates the first place in all evaluation criteria and CO₂ emission follows closely because of more focuses on environment protection, equal criteria weights are still the most popular weighting method, analytical hierarchy process is the most popular comprehensive MCDA method, and the aggregation methods are helpful to get the rational result in sustainable energy decision-making.