Non-destructive testing and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts

The bolt support quality of coal roadways is one of the important factors for the efficiency and security of coal production. By means of a self-developed technique and equipment of random non-destructive testing, non-destructive detection and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts were performed in a number of mining areas. The measured data were obtained in the detection instances of abnormal in-situ stress and support invalidation etc. The corresponding relation between axial bolt load variation and roadway surrounding rock deformation and stability was summarized in different mining service stages. Pre-warning technology of roadway surrounding rock stability is proposed based on the detection of axial bolt load. Meanwhile, pre-warning indicators of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are offered and some successful pre-warning cases are also illustrated.The research results show that the change rules of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are quite similar in different mining areas. The change of axial bolt load is in accord with the adjustment of surrounding rock stress, which can consequently reflect the deformation and stability state of roadway surrounding rock. Through the detection of axial bolt load in different sections of roadways, the status of real-time bolt support quality can be reflected; meanwhile, the rationality of bolt support design can be evaluated which provides reference for bolting parameters optimization.     

Deep mine cooling,a case for Northern Ontario:Part Ⅰ

Cooling energy needs,for mines in Northern Ontario,are mainly driven by the mining depth and its operation.Part I of this research focusses on the thermal energy loads in deep mines as a result of the virgin rock temperature,mining operations and climatic conditions.A breakdown of the various heat sources is outlined,for an underground mine producing 3500 tonnes per day of broken rock,taking into consideration the latent and sensible portions of that heat to properly assess the wet bulb global temperature.The resulting thermal loads indicate that cooling efforts would be needed both at surface and underground to maintain the temperature underground within the legal threshold.In winter the air might also have to be heated at surface and cooled underground,to ensure that icing does not occur in the inlet ventilation shaft-the main reason why cooling cannot be focussed solely at surface.     

某深基坑监测数据分析

基坑开挖对周边地表沉降的影响越来越受到重视。工程施工中如何保证基坑周边地表的稳定以及减小对周边环境的影响是当前研究热点和难点。本文以合肥市地铁一号线大连站深基坑工程为背景,介绍了工程概况和监测方案;对基坑围护结构内力、变形和周边土层沉降数据进行了对比;分析了基坑周边不同距离处与不同时间段内地表沉降的变化规律并对其原理进行了探究。结果表明:合理安排深基坑工程的施工进程与采取恰当的施工方法是保证安全生产的重要前提。本文可为相关类似深基坑工程的设计和施工提供一定的参考。     

真空预压软基处理法在深基坑支护工程中的应用

软弱地基上的深基坑开挖一直是基础工程的重难点,关系到边坡稳定、基坑支护成本、桩基的安全等问题。中山港口某项目,占地面积5.3万m2,基坑深约4 m,地处深厚淤泥之上,如何保证基坑开挖以及工程桩的安全成为重难点。经70余天的真空预压处理,场地沉降约1 m,基底上下5 m范围内的淤泥固结成了软塑状的淤泥质土,其承载力等力学性能得到很大提高,使基坑支护工程和土方开挖的难度大大降低。文章以该项目深基坑支护工程为背景,详细论述了真空预压软基处理方法的施工工艺、处理效果以及施工注意事项,其在深基坑支护工程中的成功运用可供类似工程参考。     

“联合支护法”在超深基坑施工中的应用

通过"放坡+排桩+钢支撑+预应力锚索"联合支护,保证了超深基坑施工安全,减少了对周边构筑物的破坏,达到快捷、经济实用的效果。     

合肥地铁深基坑开挖对邻近高速公路沉降的影响

针对合肥地铁深基坑开挖对邻近高速公路沉降的影响,采用MidasGTS有限元数值计算软件进行分析,建立了考虑高速公路及基坑施工过程的三维有限元模型,研究了邻近高速公路在不同开挖阶段的最大沉降变化以及不同开挖阶段高速公路的路面沉降分布规律,研究表明:路面最大沉降位置始终在离基坑最近的一侧路面,最终沉降量为7.77mm,对路面安全没有造成影响;随着开挖的进行,沉降量和沉降影响范围不断增加,但增加速率越来越缓慢;研究所得到结论可用来指导未来的相似工程。     

深空通信系统中高阶LDPC码的软定时同步算法

深空通信具有信号衰减严重,接收机信噪比低的特点,针对深空通信系统中高阶LDPC码定时同步实现困难的问题,提出一种码辅助定时同步算法．首先使用高阶LDPC码的译码软信息构造一种代价函数,进行大定时偏移的粗同步,其次基于最大似然准则,使用EM算法进行定时偏移的细同步．该算法将定时同步器、解调器与译码器联合迭代,利用高阶LDPC译码器输出的软信息辅助定时同步,并通过数字插值方式对过采样信号进行补偿,从而得到接近修正克拉美罗限的定时估计．仿真结果表明,在低信噪比条件下,算法能够在较大定时偏移范围内实现有效的定时同步,并以较低的复杂度获得近似理想的系统误码率性能．     

丹巴水电站覆盖层处理对闸底板沉降的影响

在覆盖层上建坝,覆盖层材料性质对坝体沉降变形影响较大.为减小坝体沉降,需要对覆盖层进行开挖回填.本文以丹巴水电站为例,拟定覆盖层处理时回填级配料、、回填级配料并固结灌浆等4种方案,根据室内试验参数,分别进行三维有限元计算分析,并对比分析计算结果,为开挖回填方案选择提供参考性意见.     

含软弱夹层的某公路边坡开挖支护数值模拟分析

基于某含有软弱夹层的公路边坡工程,利用有限元软件对其开挖支护过程进行数值模拟分析,计算考虑了2种不同的开挖工况：1）只开挖不支护;2）开挖并及时支护。研究表明：在开挖未支护时,边坡开挖完成后安全系数小于1,边坡整体都发生很大位移,将沿着软弱夹层带发生破坏;在开挖并及时支护时,边坡位移明显减小,软弱夹层附近塑形变形区得到了有效控制,且开挖完成后安全系数为1．87,满足设计要求。     

上部土钉墙-下部桩锚支护结构整体计算模型研究

以郑州市郑东新区上部土钉墙-下部桩锚支护结构为背景,采用放坡简化模型和超载简化模型,分别采用理正软件进行变形计算,将相应成果与实测数据和有限元数值分析成果比较,发现放坡模型对应的结构变形比超载模型大。采用超载模型计算简便,且可以保证工程安全。