全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4332篇 |
免费 | 438篇 |
国内免费 | 396篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 56篇 |
综合类 | 695篇 |
化学工业 | 100篇 |
金属工艺 | 16篇 |
机械仪表 | 47篇 |
建筑科学 | 1851篇 |
矿业工程 | 930篇 |
能源动力 | 99篇 |
轻工业 | 55篇 |
水利工程 | 609篇 |
石油天然气 | 56篇 |
武器工业 | 15篇 |
无线电 | 97篇 |
一般工业技术 | 76篇 |
冶金工业 | 53篇 |
原子能技术 | 7篇 |
自动化技术 | 404篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 45篇 |
2022年 | 109篇 |
2021年 | 130篇 |
2020年 | 147篇 |
2019年 | 99篇 |
2018年 | 84篇 |
2017年 | 133篇 |
2016年 | 167篇 |
2015年 | 193篇 |
2014年 | 272篇 |
2013年 | 277篇 |
2012年 | 293篇 |
2011年 | 343篇 |
2010年 | 328篇 |
2009年 | 288篇 |
2008年 | 312篇 |
2007年 | 383篇 |
2006年 | 344篇 |
2005年 | 240篇 |
2004年 | 215篇 |
2003年 | 156篇 |
2002年 | 118篇 |
2001年 | 98篇 |
2000年 | 77篇 |
1999年 | 78篇 |
1998年 | 53篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 30篇 |
1995年 | 32篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5166条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
A scalable approach to mapping annual land cover at 250 m using MODIS time series data: A case study in the Dry Chaco ecoregion of South America 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Matthew L. Clark T. Mitchell Aide George Riner 《Remote sensing of environment》2010,114(11):2816-2832
Land use and land cover (LULC) maps from remote sensing are vital for monitoring, understanding and predicting the effects of complex human-nature interactions that span local, regional and global scales. We present a method to map annual LULC at a regional spatial scale with source data and processing techniques that permit scaling to broader spatial and temporal scales, while maintaining a consistent classification scheme and accuracy. Using the Dry Chaco ecoregion in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay as a test site, we derived a suite of predictor variables from 2001 to 2007 from the MODIS 250 m vegetation index product (MOD13Q1). These variables included: annual statistics of red, near infrared, and enhanced vegetation index (EVI), phenological metrics derived from EVI time series data, and slope and elevation. For reference data, we visually interpreted percent cover of eight classes at locations with high-resolution QuickBird imagery in Google Earth. An adjustable majority cover threshold was used to assign samples to a dominant class. When compared to field data, we found this imagery to have georeferencing error < 5% the length of a MODIS pixel, while most class interpretation error was related to confusion between agriculture and herbaceous vegetation. We used the Random Forests classifier to identify the best sets of predictor variables and percent cover thresholds for discriminating our LULC classes. The best variable set included all predictor variables and a cover threshold of 80%. This optimal Random Forests was used to map LULC for each year between 2001 and 2007, followed by a per-pixel, 3-year temporal filter to remove disallowed LULC transitions. Our sequence of maps had an overall accuracy of 79.3%, producer accuracy from 51.4% (plantation) to 95.8% (woody vegetation), and user accuracy from 58.9% (herbaceous vegetation) to 100.0% (water). We attributed map class confusion to limited spectral information, sub-pixel spectral mixing, georeferencing error and human error in interpreting reference samples. We used our maps to assess woody vegetation change in the Dry Chaco from 2002 to 2006, which was characterized by rapid deforestation related to soybean and planted pasture expansion. This method can be easily applied to other regions or continents to produce spatially and temporally consistent information on annual LULC. 相似文献
82.
水浇地与旱地分类的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
水浇地和旱地的分类研究对于粮食安全、估算农业灌溉需水量以及完善耕地二级类型的分类有着重要的作用。本文从水浇地和旱地分类的意义、分类方法以及分类应用的现状三方面,对国内外水浇地和旱地的分类研究进展及其特点进行了归纳总结,得出了三点结论:(1)参与水浇地和旱地分类的数据源主要为中低分辨率的时间序列植被指数产品以及一些辅助信息;(2)水浇地和旱地的分类特征主要为时间序列的植被指数以及一些辅助特征;(3)水浇地和旱地的分类方法主要为数字化、非监督分类和监督分类。同时指出,丰富水浇地和旱地的分类特征、引入智能型分类方法以及探索生态环境背景在水浇地和旱地分类中的应用将成为未来水浇地和旱地分类研究的重要内容。 相似文献
83.
84.
85.
针对目前村镇建设用地集约节约利用效果评价方法空缺及信息化低等问题,依据村镇建设用地节约集约利用效果评价模型,在地理信息系统组件技术和数据库技术支持下,采用可视化编程语言MicrosoftC#.net和GIS控件技术开发了村镇建设用地节约集约利用效果评价系统。以太仓市陆渡镇为开发案例,探讨了系统分析、设计和功能实现等主要技术问题。并利用该系统对太仓市陆渡镇村镇建设用地集约节约利用效果评价进行了评价,评价结果表明,该系统能够满足当前村镇建设用地集约节约利用效果评价工作的需要,为快速准确地实施节地效果评价提供技术支持。 相似文献
86.
The business value of information technology as measured by technical efficiency: Evidence from country-level data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The value of information technology (IT) in a business production process has long been a debatable issue. Explanation of the so-called “productivity paradox” has been one of the central topics in this arena. Much work has focused on firm-level analyses. This paper investigates IT contribution at a country level, using production theory in microeconomics. It negates the relationship between IT value and productivity based on grouping of countries, when the individual analytical method is applied and technical efficiency is used as the performance criterion. Findings obtained by applying stochastic production frontiers to a comprehensive country-level panel data set suggest that the IT contributions, as determined by the increase or decrease in the technical efficiency, to individual countries differ in magnitude from a production frontier to another, but are robust. It also shows that IT spending does not necessarily improve technical efficiencies of individual countries, regardless of whether they are developed or developing countries, and that given technological changes, the so-called productivity paradox may exist in a country, no matter whether it is a developed or developing nation. Finally, the significant implications of the findings are presented. 相似文献
87.
The radiation budget at the earth surface is an essential climate variable for climate monitoring and analysis as well as for verification of climate model output and reanalysis data. Accurate solar surface irradiance data is a prerequisite for an accurate estimation of the radiation budget and for an efficient planning and operation of solar energy systems.This paper describes a new approach for the retrieval of the solar surface irradiance from satellite data. The method is based on radiative transfer modelling and enables the use of extended information about the atmospheric state. Accurate analysis of the interaction between the atmosphere, surface albedo, transmission and the top of atmosphere albedo has been the basis for the new method, characterised by a combination of parameterisations and “eigenvector” look-up tables. The method is characterised by a high computing performance combined with a high accuracy. The performed validation shows that the mean absolute deviation is of the same magnitude as the confidence level of the BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Measurement) ground based measurements and significant lower as the CM-SAF (Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility) target accuracy of 10 W/m2. The mean absolute difference between monthly means of ground measurements and satellite based solar surface irradiance is 5 W/m2 with a mean bias deviation of − 1 W/m2 and a RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) of 5.4 W/m2 for the investigated European sites. The results for the investigated African sites obtained by comparing instantaneous values are also encouraging. The mean absolute difference is with 2.8% even lower as for the European sites being 3.9%, but the mean bias deviation is with − 1.1% slightly higher as for the European sites, being 0.8%. Validation results over the ocean in the Mediterranean Sea using shipboard data complete the validation. The mean bias is − 3.6 W/m2 and 2.3% respectively. The slightly higher mean bias deviation over ocean is at least partly resulting from inherent differences due to the movement of the ship (shadowing, allocation of satellite pixel). The validation results demonstrate that the high accuracy of the surface solar irradiance is given in different climate regions. The discussed method has also the potential to improve the treatment of radiation processes in climate and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, because of the high accuracy combined with a high computing speed. 相似文献
88.
CBERS-02星CCD数据土地利用分类方法研究——以江苏省宜兴地区为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以江苏省宜兴地区为试验区,首先进行了CBERS-02星CCD数据的图像预处理,然后利用ERDASI-MAGINE和Definiens7.0等软件,采用非监督分类、监督分类、混合监督分类、面向对象四种分类方法进行了土地利用分类,并将影像分类结果进行了精度评价分析。结果表明:在一级地类的提取中,面向对象的最邻近分类器的分类精度最低,混合监督分类的精度最高;在二级地类的提取中,面向对象的特征阈值法得到的分类结果较好,能够轻松提取传统分类方法难于提取的地类。 相似文献
89.
县级尺度农村居民点景观格局时空分异研究——以徐州市睢宁县为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以TM/ETM+影像为基础数据源,基于3S技术及景观分析软件Fragstats对1995-2005年徐州市睢宁县的农村居民点景观格局进行动态分析,并使用马尔科夫模型对睢宁县2010年农村居民点景观格局进行预测。结果表明:1995-2010年徐州市睢宁县的农村居民点景观格局呈破碎化趋势,土地利用斑块数增加,斑块平均面积下降,面积加权平均形状指数上升,平均分维度小幅上升,散布与并列指数和香农多样性指数均在下降。随着城镇扩展、农田开发等人类干扰的不断加剧,景观生态环境保护与经济开发之间的矛盾将愈加突出。 相似文献
90.
传统的高分辨率遥感卫星光谱分辨率较低,WorldView卫星在8个可见光G近红外多光谱波段的基础上,新增加的8个短波红外(short wave infrared,SWIR)影像,有助于提高影像提取地物信息能力。分析了WorldView卫星的16波段影像上各种地物的光谱特征和分类性能,提出了新的植被指数、水体指数和建成区指数。实验表明,相比于8波段影像,使用16波段影像分类能够显著提高各类地物特别是裸地、建筑物和道路的分类精度,总体精度提高约5.5%。基于16波段设计的新地物特征指数能更好地避免干扰地物,通过简单阈值提取地物,取得较高的提取精度。 相似文献