A life cycle assessment of destruction of ammunition

The Swedish Armed Forces have large stocks of ammunition that were produced at a time when decommissioning was not considered. This ammunition will eventually become obsolete and must be destroyed, preferably with minimal impact on the environment and in a safe way for personnel. The aim of this paper is to make a comparison of the environmental impacts in a life cycle perspective of three different methods of decommissioning/destruction of ammunition, and to identify the environmental advantages and disadvantages of each of these destruction methods: open detonation; static kiln incineration with air pollution control combined with metal recycling, and a combination of incineration with air pollution control, open burning, recovery of some energetic material and metal recycling. Data used are for the specific processes and from established LCA databases. Recycling the materials in the ammunition and minimising the spread of airborne pollutants during incineration were found to be the most important factors affecting the life cycle environmental performance of the compared destruction methods. Open detonation with or without metal recycling proved to be the overall worst alternative from a life cycle perspective. The results for the static kiln and combination treatment indicate that the kind of ammunition and location of the destruction plant might determine the choice of method, since the environmental impacts from these methods are of little difference in the case of this specific grenade. Different methods for destruction of ammunition have previously been discussed from a risk and safety perspective. This is however to our knowledge the first study looking specifically on environmentally aspect in a life cycle perspective.     

一种多用途销毁弹的设计

瞎火弹药的处理需要一种安全、可靠的销毁装置.针对主要技术要求,提出了一种通用、简易、可行的销毁装置设计方案,详细说明了弹体与起爆器的设计,并分析销毁装置的作用可靠性.初步试验表明该装置工作有效.     

智能控制在污水处理中的应用

在污水处理中，提升泵站是生产的核心设备之一，其控制的好坏直接影响污水处理的效果和是否能实现节能降耗。本文主要以某污水处理厂为背景，分析了传统控制在提升泵站控制中的缺陷和不足，介绍了模糊控制和轮值控制的特点及在泵站的应用，实际运行表明该方案是合理和行之有效的。     

90Sr、237Np、238Pu和241Am在含水层中迁移的模拟实验

在中国辐射防护研究院野外试验场的地下研究设施内进行了^90Sr、^237Np、^238Pu和^241Am在含水层介质中迁移的模拟实验。实验用的非扰动原状土柱取自地下研究设施内的含水层，实验用水为地下水。实验结果表明，试验场含水层介质对^238Pu和^241Am具有很强的吸附能力，对^237Np的吸附能力相对次之，对^90Sr的吸附能力相对较弱。在实际水流速为6.13cm/d条件下，经过527.5天，各核素的活度浓度峰分别迁移了16cm(^90Sr)、3.9cm(^237Np)、小于0.2cm(^238Pu和^241Am)。采用核素二维迁移方程和本文提出的核素从源层释放的洗脱模型对浓度分布进行了拟合，得到了核素迁移参数，实验数据和拟合曲线符合较好。     

鼓风站供电母线相序问题的处理

分析了马钢新高炉鼓风站电气系统设计与施工中存在的供电母线相序问题，提出了切实可行的处理措施，并总结了一些工程技术管理中的体会。     

基于ADO.NET在线考试意外中断处理机制的研究

随着网络技术的不断发展,网上在线考试成为其中的重要模式之一;但毕竟在线考试受到网络、电力等因素的影响随时可能出现考试的意外中断,这就需要在线考试系统具有恢复功能并且提供有利的数据安全策略,系统能够重新读取数据还原试卷,使在线考试可以继续进行而不需要重新开始。本文分析了网络在线考试系统体系结构的特点,并研究数据库的应用技术,分析利用ADO.NET技术实现在线考试过程中数据的安全处理机制,分析了因网络等原因致使在线考试意外中断处理的问题,并尝试利用数据备份策略的方法来解决这个问题。     

MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN CHINA

The policy and principles on management of radioactive wastes are stipulated.Cement solidification and bituminization unit has come into trial run.Solid radioactive waste is stored in tentative storage vault built in each of nuclear facilities.Seventeen storages associated with applications of nuclear technology and radioisotopes have been built for provinces.Disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes pursues the policy of “regional disposal”.Four repositories have been planned to be built in northwest.southwest,south and east China respectively.A program for treatment and disposal of high level radioactive waste has been made.     

大庆油田有限责任公司井下砂酸选配厂物料布置设计分析

中油公司大庆分公司井下砂酸选配厂主要负责井下公司压裂用支撑剂和酸剂的生产销售工作,该厂年物料接收搬运量较大,费用约占厂内生产费用的三分之一。本文本着“物流管理是企业第三利润源泉”的思想,对该厂物料布置现状进行了认真分析,并建立了两个数学模型。依据数学模型的指导,提出了该厂新的物料布置构想,根据计算结果显示,新的物料布置方案可使物料接收和搬运成本降低33%,使厂内物流的总成本降低18.2%,从而有效地提高该厂的经营效益。     

南昌市麦园垃圾处理场大气污染现状及其防治

南昌市麦园垃圾处理场大气污染因子主要有TSP、NH3、H2S、CH4和臭气。通过三年连续监测发现,NH3、H2S和臭气强度均低于国家二级排放标准;TSP除夏季会超标排放外,其余季节均低于国家标准;CH4浓度较高,超过安全范围。针对后两者情况,文中提出了应对措施。