粤港澳大湾区水安全协同调控理论框架研究

针对粤港澳大湾区水问题多维交织特性,基于流域系统整体观梳理总结了技术上可控、逻辑上关联的5个水安全调控子系统结构,包括：河势调控子系统、内河水环境水生态调控子系统、外江咸潮调控子系统、城市暴雨洪涝调控子系统、外江洪潮调控子系统。探讨了各子系统关键机理、系统间的协同作用原理、协同调控的关键技术需求及协同调控模型算法架构,构建了大湾区水安全协同调控理论框架,以珠江河口为例开展了粤港澳大湾区水安全协同调控理论的应用,为大湾区水问题系统治理提出了新的解决方案。     

粤港澳大湾区背景下广东省9市人水和谐关系时空特性研究

以粤港澳大湾区规划涉及的广东省9个市为研究区域,利用人水和谐理论方法,对研究区2014-2018年共5 a的人水和谐关系进行了量化,并分析了人水和谐关系的时空分布特征。研究中综合考虑影响人水和谐关系的健康度、发展度和协调度3个要素,建立指标评价体系,采用主、客观权重和合作博弈论确定综合权重,分别计算3个要素,进而通过要素集成确定人水和谐度。结果表明：大湾区背景下的广东省9市,近5年的人水和谐关系处于“基本和谐”到“较和谐”等级,且有逐渐向“和谐”转变的态势;从空间分布看,大湾区周边的江门、肇庆和惠州3个市的人水和谐度较其他城市稍高,这在一定程度上可缓解和分担经济高度集中发展带给水资源系统的压力,从而为大湾区未来的综合发展提供优质的水资源条件。     

基于遥感和GIS的海州湾海岸线提取方法研究

海岸线的时空演变分析对于岸线空间资源的开发利用有重要意义。从遥感影像上提取的瞬时水边线随卫星过境时的潮位变化而不同,一般不具有可比性,只有潮位相同时的水边线才适合用来比较和分析海岸线的时空变化。以海州湾为例,提出一种通过遥感影像水边线来间接推算具有特定潮高海岸线的方法。该方法先通过遥感图像处理技术来提取卫星过境时的瞬时水边线,再通过时间间隔较近的2期水边线及其潮高数据,运用 GIS的空间数据分析方法来推算国家高程基准面与陆地的交线。该线潮高固定,具有可比性,可用作海州湾海岸线时空变化分析的基础数据。     

深圳河湾水质数值模拟研究

基于EFDC模型和WASP模型建立了深圳河湾水动力和水质模型,采用2011年实测数据对模型进行率定和验证,结果表明,计算值与实测值吻合较好,丰枯季高低潮位平均误差小于0.20 m,DO、BOD5平均误差小于20%,TN、TP和Chl a(叶绿素a)平均误差小于30%。在此基础上进行案例研究,研究结果表明,氮、磷营养盐负荷削减80%对藻类生长的影响不明显;削减95%负荷时,Chl a浓度下降40%。     

浅水软地基海区桶形基础平台的沉贯技术

为了在渤海辽东湾海域应用桶形基础采油平台,针对该海域水文地质状况,在负压安装机理研究的基础上制定了桶形基础防冲淘、平台沉贯整体倾斜调整的技术方案,开展室内负压沉贯与静力压贯试验,设计了负压沉贯抽吸泵组模块,并成功应用于JZ9-3W桶形基础平台的海上安装,为在表层地基软弱、海底冲淘严重的浅水区安装桶形基础平台提供了一套可重复利用的抽吸泵组模块和负压安装技术。     

A bibliography of applications of operational research in West Africa

There is considerable interest in the potential for using operational research (O.R.) in developing countries. One sign of this is the formation of new societies for O.R. scientists in countries and regions where no such society had existed. Since 2003, such societies have been formed in several parts of Africa. This paper focuses on West Africa, and presents a bibliography of papers relating to applications of O.R. in the nations of this part of the continent. The paper describes the way in which the bibliography was collated and discusses the overall picture that the list of papers presents of the state of O.R. in the 18 countries that are considered.     

Modeling sediment resuspension and transport induced by storm wind in Apalachicola Bay, USA

Sediment is an important environmental factor for aquatic ecosystem and oyster productivities of Apalachicola Bay located in Florida, USA. Based on the data analysis in this study, surface wind speed is highly correlated to the turbidity of water column, which results from sediment resuspension and transport in the Apalachicola Bay. In this paper, an application of a 3D sediment transport model to predict the wind-induced sediment transport in Apalachicola Bay is described. The sediment model is coupled with a 3D hydrodynamic module in the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model that provides information on estuarine circulation and salinity transport under normal temperature conditions. The hydrodynamic model was calibrated with field observations of water levels and salinity. The sediment transport model solves the transport equation with sources and sinks terms to describe sediment deposition and resuspension. The coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models were used to investigate wind-induced total suspended sediments (TSS) resuspension and transport in the bay. For the period June 1–July 30, 2005 two storm events with strong winds gave model results of TSS concentrations that compared well with the field observations. Model simulations reasonably reproduce the sudden increase of sediment concentrations during the storm events. Maximum sediment concentrations in the bay during the two storm events were 10 times or more than those in the pre-storm conditions. Spatial sediment transport from model simulations indicate active sediment resuspension and transport near areas of highly productive oyster beds. The model predictions of TSS and salinity can be used as inputs to an oyster dynamic model (Wang, H., Huang, W., Harwell, M., Edmiston, L., Johnson, E., Hsieh, P., Milla, K., Christensen, J., Stewart, J., Liu, X., 2008. Modeling eastern oyster population dynamics in response to changing environment in Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Journal of Ecological Modeling 211, 77–89) to support the ecological study of oyster growth and mortality in the aquatic ecosystem of Apalachicola Bay.     

Composite bending-dominated hollow nanolattices: A stiff,cyclable mechanical metamaterial

Manufacturing ultralight and mechanical reliable materials has been a long-time challenge. Ceramic-based mechanical metamaterials provide significant opportunities to reverse their brittle nature and unstable mechanical properties and have great potential as strong, ultralight, and ultrastiff materials. However, the failure of ceramics nanolattice and degradation of strength/modulus with decreasing density are caused by buckling of the struts and failure of the nodes within the nanolattices, especially during cyclic loading. Here, we explore a new class of 3D ceramic-based metamaterials with a high strength–density ratio, stiffness, recoverability, cyclability, and optimal scaling factor. Deformation mode of the fabricated nanolattices has been engineered through the unique material design and architecture tailoring. Bending-dominated hollow nanolattice (B-H-Lattice) structure is employed to take advantages of its flexibility, while a few nanometers of carbonized mussel-inspired bio-polymer (C-PDA) is coherently deposited on ceramics’ nanolayer to enable non-buckling struts and bendable nodes during deformation, resulting in reliable mechanical properties and outperforming the current bending-dominated lattices (B-Lattices) and carbon-based cellulose materials. Meanwhile, the structure has comparable stiffness to stretching-dominated lattices (S-Lattices) while with better cyclability and reliability. The B-H-Lattices exhibit high specific stiffness (>10⁶?Pa·kg^?1·m^?3), low-density (～30?kg/m³), buckling-free recovery at 55% strain, and stable cyclic loading behavior under up to 15% strain. As one of the B-Lattices, the modulus scaling factor reaches 1.27, which is lowest among current B-Lattices. This study suggests that non-buckling behavior and reliable nodes are the key factors that contribute to the outstanding mechanical performance of nanolattice materials. A new concept of engineering the internal deformation behavior of mechanical metamaterial is provided to optimize their mechanical properties in real service conditions.     

大亚湾核电站KIT／KPS系统的国产化升级改造

基于上世纪80年代初的法国SOLAR计算机早期技术的大亚湾核电站KIT/KPS系统,当今已显露出技术落后、硬件老化、备件采购困难,导致难以维持正常运行的窘况,必须对其实施国产化升级改造。新的系统基于和利时的MACSDCS软硬件平台研发,投运后运行效果良好,全面达到了设计功能需求。本文是关于该KIWKPS系统国产化升级改造的总体介绍,分别从该项目实施改造的背景、功能需求、该系统的硬件组成和配置、软件体系结构、主要功能等方面进行了较为系统的描述。     

EPISODIC SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND ELEVATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS IN A SMALL,MOUNTAINOUS RIVER IN COASTAL CALIFORNIA

Suspended sediment and organic contaminants were measured during a period of 2 years in the San Lorenzo River, central California, which discharges into the Pacific Ocean within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, in an effort to quantify the potential environmental effects of storm events from a steep, mountainous coastal urban watershed. Most suspended sediment transport occurred during flooding caused by winter storms; 56% of the total sediment load for the 2‐year study was transported by the river during one storm event in January 2010. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can exceed regulatory criteria during high‐flow events in the San Lorenzo River, and total annual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon load was on the order of 10 kg in water year 2010. These results highlight the importance of episodic sediment and contaminant transport in steep, mountainous coastal watersheds and emphasize the importance of understanding physical processes and quantifying chemical constituents in discharge from coastal watersheds on event‐scale terms. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.