挖掘机器人仿真模型及其驱动引擎的设计

以挖掘机器人为例,研究了仿真模型的建立手段及其驱动方法,提出并实现了一种模型快速建立方法和能通用于同类机械的驱动引擎的设计方法,在此基础上设计了一个完备的挖掘机仿真显示类,通过对本类的继承,应用程序具备各种液压挖掘机的三维仿真驱动和显示功能。     

同步和异步时序逻辑电路统一设计的新方法

介绍了一种新的时序电路的设计理论与方法,实现了同步、异步电路的设计过程的统一。该方法的特点是直接从时序电路的状态转换图(STD)获得触发器的激励条件和时钟脉冲;设计原理简单,易于理解,使设计更直观清楚,比传统方法简便、快捷,避免了对状态方程、驱动方程的复杂计算;该设计方法过程可以采用程序实现,实现了时序电路设计的程序化、自动化。     

汽轮机驱动往复式压缩机的技术探讨

阐述中小氮肥企业采用汽轮机替代电机驱动往复式压缩机来降低成本的迫切性对汽轮机设计的特殊要求，分析汽轮机转子的强度，系统的正常开停机和紧急停机对汽轮机的影响，以及汽轮机替代电机驱动往复式压缩机的投资和收益。图2     

集卷站升降机构传动链轮轮齿断裂原因浅析

分析并计算了集卷站升降机构传动链轮的动载荷 ,找出轮齿断裂的主要原因是动载荷太大。与动载荷有关的三个因素是转速、节距和齿数 ,改变转速和节距需要较多的资金 ,而增加齿数则是简单有效的方法 ,即增加一组传动链轮就可以将链条所承受的冲击载荷分配到较多的轮齿上 ,从而很好地解决了链轮承受冲击载荷能力不足的问题。     

助力下肢外骨骼双膝蹲-起立过程动力学研究

为研究助力下肢外骨骼双膝蹲-起立过程中各关节的驱动力矩,将助力下肢外骨骼视为三自由度的刚性结构系统,建立动力学模型。以达朗贝尔定理推导出双膝蹲-起立过程动力学表达式。为实现助力下肢外骨骼与人体高度偕行,对人体双膝蹲-起立运动过程进行实验分析,以MATLAB为平台分别对负重40kg和无负重下肢外骨骼各关节驱动力矩进行数值计算。根据分析结果得,膝关节在负重40kg时驱动力矩最大,峰值为209.20N·m,平均为75.85N·m;髋、踝关节驱动力矩相对较小,工作能耗低,在无负重状态下仍需9.87N·m和38.80N·m的驱动力矩,能量损失较多;踝关节为保持稳定性导致有较大波动。     

Dude,where’s my avacar? A mixed-method examination of communication in the driving context

Drivers who feel social closeness with other drivers tend to drive more safely, according to previous research. Given this, we examine how communication in the driving context influences social closeness, drawing from theories of computer-mediated communication, a context with notable similarities to the road. A survey study found that social closeness with others is associated with greater communication comfort and identity expression through the car, but less treatment of the car as a social entity. An interview study provides context and caveats for these generalizations. Together, these studies present implications for near-future social-mobility services relating to safety on the road.     

Do driving restriction policies effectively motivate commuters to use public transportation?

Driving restriction policies have been implemented in some large Chinese cities to cope with severe urban smog pollution. We explored the roles of policy acceptance and other factors in commuters' transport mode decisions, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Tianjin, China. A structural equation model was developed to test eight hypotheses, two of which were rejected. The results indicate that a driving restriction policy alone cannot effectively motivate commuters to use public transport if the policymakers fail to improve public transport, enhance commuters' awareness of consequences, increase commuters' perceived behavior control, and encourage car owners to change driving behavior. Comparisons between car owners and non-owners indicated that car owners view driving restriction policy and public transport more negatively. These negative views could be a barrier for the promotion of public transport among car owners. In addition, attitude toward public transport was found to have positive correlation with commuting time.     

The effect of age,gender and attitudes on self-regulation in driving

Self-regulation in driving has primarily been studied as a precursor to driving cessation in older people, who minimise driving risk and compensate for physical and cognitive decline by avoiding driving in challenging circumstances, e.g. poor weather conditions, in the dark and at busy times. This research explores whether other demographic groups of drivers adopt self-regulatory behaviours and examines the effects of affective and instrumental attitudes on self-regulation across the lifespan. Quantitative data were collected from 395 drivers. Women were significantly more likely than men to engage in self-regulation, and to be negatively influenced by their emotions (affective attitude). A quadratic effect of age on self-regulation was determined such that younger and older drivers reported higher scores for self-regulation than middle-years’ drivers. However, this effect was affected by experience such that when experience was controlled for, self-regulation increased with age. Nevertheless, anxious driving style and negative affective attitude were independent predictors of self-regulation behaviours. Results suggest that self-regulation behaviours are present across the driving lifespan and may occur as a result of driving anxiety or low confidence rather than as an effect of ageing.     

Discrepancy analysis of driving performance of taxi drivers and non-professional drivers for red-light running violation and crash avoidance at intersections

Due to comfort, convenience, and flexibility, taxis have become increasingly more prevalent in China, especially in large cities. However, many violations and road crashes that occurred frequently were related to taxi drivers. This study aimed to investigate differences in driving performance between taxi drivers and non-professional drivers from the perspectives of red-light running violation and potential crash involvement based on a driving simulation experiment. Two typical scenarios were established in a driving simulator, which includes the red-light running violation scenario and the crash avoidance scenario. There were 49 participants, including 23 taxi drivers (14 males and 9 females) and 26 non-professional drivers (13 males and 13 females) recruited for this experiment. The driving simulation experiment results indicated that non-professional drivers paid more attention to red-light running violations in comparison to taxi drivers who had a higher probability of red-light running violation. Furthermore, it was found that taxi drivers were more inclined to turn the steering wheel in an attempt to avoid a potential collision and non-professional drivers had more abrupt deceleration behaviors when facing a potential crash. Moreover, the experiment results showed that taxi drivers had a smaller crash rate compared to non-professional drivers and had a better performance in terms of crash avoidance at the intersection.     

Speed choice by drivers: The issue of driving too slowly

Quite correctly, the majority of road safety speeding initiatives focus on drivers travelling at excessive speeds. This study, however, focused on the potential problem of driving too slowly. Six thousand, four hundred and eighty vehicles from around the Perth metropolitan area in Western Australia had their speeds recorded; observations were also made of these vehicles to identify characteristics of the driver and vehicle. In addition, a community survey with 240 members of the public was conducted to examine their attitudes towards slow drivers. As expected, results showed that older drivers drove more slowly than the other age brackets, women drove more slowly than men, and that heavily laden vehicles drove more slowly than other types of vehicles. Additionally, the slowest days were weekdays and the quickest were Saturdays. Community attitudes, generally mirrored the observational findings, and indicated that the public believed that slow driving was sometimes a safety problem causing some accidents. These data are discussed, and some possible countermeasures are briefly introduced to address the problem.