微波碳热还原含锌铅电炉粉尘

利用含锌铅电炉粉尘、焦炭、无烟煤和烟煤吸收微波能力强的特点,采用微波加热方法对配碳电炉粉尘进行碳热还原。结果表明,选用粒度为-0.096 mm的无烟煤为还原剂,在碳氧比为0.9、还原温度为1 100 ℃、保温时间为15 min的条件下,还原产物中铁的金属化率可达90.33%,蒸发脱锌率为96.26%,脱铅率为88.89%。     

Comparison of two dust collection methods for reservoir indoor allergens and endotoxin on carpets and mattresses

Variable methods of dust collection may lead to uncertainty in the measurement of biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of two different dust collection devices on dust weight, Der p 1, Fel d 1, and endotoxin levels. We compared: (1) a nylon mesh sock inserted between the furniture attachment and the vacuum hose (the reference method) and (2) the ALK device. Duplicate dust samples were collected for 2 min from 2 m(2) of 37 living room floors and from each longitudinal half of 37 mattresses. Measurement of Der p 1 and Fel d 1 were by double monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and endotoxin by a Limulus Amobocyte Lysate assay. Geometric mean ratios (95% confidence intervals) were calculated to show the differences between sampling devices for each measurement. Compared with the ALK device, the reference method collected significantly more dust from floors (sevenfold) and mattresses (threefold) and more total Der p 1, Fel d 1, and endotoxin in both sites. Floor, but not mattress, Der p 1 concentrations were also significantly higher (threefold) using our reference method. We recommend that, in order to minimize sampling device bias, allergen and endotoxin are expressed as a concentration, and that the bed is considered the major source of allergen exposure. Practical Implications Dust sampling equipment can influence the dust yield. In order to have confidence in comparisons of allergen and endotoxin reservoir levels between centers, standardization in the use of sampling equipment is important.     

煤尘和湿度对红外瓦斯传感器的影响研究

 为了建立矿井内煤尘和湿度对红外传感器影响的模型,采用嵌入式处理器LPC2129和红外传瓦斯感器MH-440V设计了瓦斯浓度实时测量系统,系统主要由上位机和瓦斯浓度检测终端组成,检测终端通过对模拟环境中的瓦斯浓度进行采集后实时发送到上位机,上位机对数据信息进行接收、处理、分析、显示和存储。根据煤尘和湿度的特性,自建了模拟的煤尘和湿度实验系统,经过对红外瓦斯传感器进行了煤尘和湿度的影响实验,得出了煤尘对红外瓦斯传感器的影响呈线性的规律和湿度在一定时间内对红外瓦斯传感器的影响也呈线性规律的重要结论,成功建立了煤尘和湿度对红外传感器的实验模型。     

长岭一号井综掘工作面控除尘技术

通过分析,将风流在风筒出口至综掘工作面区域分为射流区、回流区及涡流区,结合长岭一号井152101轨道巷综掘面产尘特性及粉尘防治的现状,设计采用附壁风筒控尘与除尘器抽尘净化相结合的综合降尘工艺,使综掘面生产时总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘降尘效率分别达到90%及80%以上,综掘面的作业环境得以大大改善,保障了职工的身体健康和矿井的施工安全。     

高深直溜井卸矿口产尘规律及防治技术研究

针对夏甸金矿高深直溜井卸矿口的产尘能力、含尘气流时空演化规律及粒度分布规律进行了分析。卸矿口逸散含尘气流中,10μm粒径以上的粉尘占比为7%,而粒径在10μm以下的粉尘占比93%,呼吸性粉尘占比高。基于现场的通风条件、卸矿口尺寸面积及产尘规律,采用fluent软件进行模拟,对比分析了密闭抽尘前后的含尘气流运动轨迹,提出了密闭抽尘净化的治理措施。治理后高深直溜井卸矿口逸散的总粉尘浓度由420 mg/m3降低至8.7 mg/m3,降尘效率达到了97%以上,有效地解决了高深直溜井卸矿口粉尘逸散污染问题。     

用转炉锰尘制备高纯碳酸锰

从应用的角度出发 ,介绍了以转炉锰尘、盐酸、碳酸氢铵等为原料制备高纯碳酸锰的方法 ,对原理及制备条件进行了较详细的探讨 ,为锰尘的综合利用探索了一种新方法。     

排尘口直径对旋风分离器壁面磨损影响的数值模拟

基于计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamic,CFD)的数值模拟方法,在FLUENT软件平台上,应用雷诺应力模型、离散相模型和磨损值计算模型系统地研究排尘口直径对旋风分离器壁面磨损的影响。计算结果表明,旋风分离器壁面磨损的整体变化趋势不随排尘口直径的改变而变化,都呈现局部磨损的形态。排尘口直径减小,环形空间壁面磨损值保持不变,分离空间壁面磨损值有不同程度的增加,在锥体末端附近增加幅度最大,而这种变化主要是由于排尘口直径变化后分离器内部流动结构的变化引起的。分离空间锥体末端附近壁面的严重磨损主要受气固两相的旋转速度、颗粒浓度、旋进涡核和颗粒受力情况的影响。通过研究揭示合理地进行结构设计在减少磨损中的重要作用,为旋风分离器壁面的防磨提供数值试验方法和依据。     

用冶金工业废弃粉尘作燃煤固硫剂实验研究

通过对煤燃烧过程中传统的钙基固硫剂性质及脱硫过程机理进行综合分析,提出一种新型的燃煤固硫剂－含锌冶金工业废弃粉尘．研究结果表明,含锌冶金工业废弃粉尘有可能成为燃煤过程中经济而有效的固硫剂．     

测尘仪原理与应用

本文介绍了测尘仪器的基本原理,着重阐述了透射法和散射法的基本原理和实际应用.     

Building-related symptoms and inflammatory potency of dust from office buildings

The aim was to investigate the association between building-related symptoms (BRS) in office buildings and the inflammatory potency of dust (PD). Furthermore, the association between dust potency and various building characteristics was investigated. Occupants of 22 office buildings received a retrospective questionnaire about BRS (2301 respondents). Dust was collected from groups of offices and building characteristics were recorded. The potency of a dust sample to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion from the lung epithelial cell line A549 was measured as the slope of the initial linear part of the concentration-response curve. Symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS) were associated with the potency of surface dust (OR = 1.4). This association may be due to an association between an index of CNS symptoms and dust potency in offices of 1-6 occupants (OR = 1.5). No single symptoms correlated with the potency of surface dust. The PD was not related to single building factors. The inflammatory PD may be used as an integrated proxy measure of biologically active compounds in dust, reflecting health relevant properties of the dust. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The potency of surface dust may be used as a crude measurement of the chemical and biological exposures present in the building, and being associated with the development of central nervous system symptoms. However, additional research is needed to establish the predictive value of the potency of surface dust.