还原居住——杭州南都·德加公寓创作感受

长久以来,“以人为本似乎已被教条化了,仅是口号或标语。居住建筑设计的灵感或激情来自于开发商、设计师对生活的理解。     

Sick building syndrome and perceived indoor environment in relation to energy saving by reduced ventilation flow during heating season: a 1 year intervention study in dwellings

Ventilation in Scandinavian buildings is commonly performed by means of a constant flow ventilation fan. By using a regulated fan, it is possible to make a seasonal adjustment of outdoor ventilation flow. Energy saving can be achieved by reducing the mechanical ventilation flow during the heating season, when natural ventilation driven by temperature differences between outdoor and indoor is relatively high. This ventilation principle has been called 'seasonally adapted ventilation (SAV)'. The aim was to study if a 25-30% reduction of outdoor ventilation flow during heating season influenced sick building syndrome (SBS) and the perception of the indoor environment. This was done in a 1-year cross-over intervention study in 44 subjects in a multi-family building. During the first heating season (November to April), one part of the building (A) got a reduced flow during the heating season [0.4-0.5 air exchanges per hour (ACH)] while the other part (B) had constant flow (0.5-0.8 ACH). The next heating season, part A got constant flow, while part B got reduced ventilation flow. Reduced ventilation increased the relative air humidity by 1-3% in the living room (mean 30-37% RH), 1-5% in the bathroom (mean 48-58% RH) during heating season. The room temperature increased 0.1-0.3 degrees C (mean 20.7-21.6 degrees C), mean carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the bedroom increased from 920 to 980 p.p.m. at reduced flow. The indoor air quality was perceived as poorer at reduced outdoor airflow, both in the bedroom and in the apartment as a whole. There was a significant increase of stuffy odor (P = 0.05) at reduced outdoor airflow and the indoor air quality was perceived as poorer, both in the bedroom (P = 0.03) and in the apartment as a whole (P = 0.04). No significant influence on SBS symptoms or specific perceptions such as odors, draught, temperature, air dryness or stuffy air could be detected. In conclusion, reducing the ventilation flow in dwellings to a level below the current Swedish ventilation standard (0.5 ACH) may cause a perception of impaired air quality. Technical measurements could only demonstrate a minor increase of indoor temperature, relative air humidity, and bedroom CO2 concentration. This illustrates that it is important to combine technical measurements with a longitudinal evaluation of occupant reactions, when evaluating energy-saving measures. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: It is important to combine technical measurements with a longitudinal evaluation of occupant reactions, when evaluating energy-saving measures. Reduction of outdoor airflow in dwellings below the current ventilation standard of 0.5 ACH may lead to a perception of impaired air quality, despite only a minor increase of bedroom CO2-concentration.     

旧城住宅改造中建筑节能问题的研究

本文针对合肥旧城住宅热环境现状，提出在不消耗常规能源的情况下，在原住宅建筑上采取有效的节能措施，能够改善旧城住宅室内热环境，且能取得良好的经济社会效应。     

纽约布朗克斯地毯宅提案

地毯式集合住宅作为一种连续的肌理，覆盖整个基地，连续被挡土墙分隔的高低两个社区。地毯上表面构成如画的城市风景，地毯下部空间可容纳多样的城市公共活动，地毯的厚度成为私有住宅本身。     

社会问题的空间视角——以城市低收入流动人口的居住为例

城市化的发展,低收入流动人口的居住问题已经成为当前中国加速城市化进程中的一个突出问题.聚焦于物质形态空间,在对低收入流动人口这一弱势群体的居住类型、聚居形态、居住品质进行调查分析的基础上,结合国外解决流动人口居住问题的相关经验,从建筑、社区、城市三个层面探讨适合低收入流动人口居住的相关策略,从而使社会问题空间化,探寻解决这一社会问题的新思路.     

部分住宅和地下空间氡浓度的监测及防护措施研究

本文概括地介绍了采用测量累积氡浓度的固体径迹图像分析方法。在一些住宅和地下空间内布放ＣＲ－３９固体径迹探测器,对氡浓度进行了测量,对所测结果进行了评价,并针对实际情况采取了降低氡浓度的防护措施。     

住宅环境的隐私性研究

本文首先介绍了隐私的定义及其相关内容,然后分析了旧住宅中的隐私状况,最后提出住宅环境设计对隐私影响。     

A new thermal performance index for dwelling roofs in the warm humid tropics

This research aims to find a scientific rating scheme for roof system for the warm humid tropics. The overall air-to-air thermal transmittance (U-value) or thermal resistance (R-value) of roof are most widely used properties, but these are based on steady-state heat conduction and do not respond to changing conditions of climate, design and comfort needs. The paper presents a new thermal performance index, which is based on thermal comfort and actual thermal performance of a roof design option. It provides a basis for identifying the optimum roof design for unconditioned and acclimatised regimes. A review of the acceptable limits of ceiling surface temperature is presented. The mathematical modelling for predicting performance of roof based on admittance procedure and derivation of thermal performance index is described. In the proposed scheme the galvanized iron roof is given 0% rating and the roof satisfying the comfort needs for the given climate is rated as 100%. Illustrative examples of built roofs or design options are taken from India and Australia. It clearly shows that the roofs with the highest thermal resistance are not necessarily optimum solutions.     

在蜷缩与伸展之间 阅读张雷的两个建筑作品

文章从家宅的建筑原型为出发点,将建筑的形式与家宅的庇护、蜷缩、伸展等意象联系起来,从而尝试对张雷的两座建筑——混凝土缝之宅和三间院进行一种心理图式的阅读。     

健康住宅室内噪声控制

分析建筑内部噪声对室内声环境的影响,综述目前住宅建设中存在的隔声设计隐患,结合“健康住宅建设技术要求”（2004）,提出改善室内声环境的优化设计方法。