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81.
The dynamic response of highway bridges subjected to moving truckloads has been observed to be dependent on (1) dynamic characteristics of the bridge; (2) truck configuration, speed, and lane position on the bridge; and (3) road surface roughness profile of the bridge and its approach. Historically, truckloads were measured to determine the load spectra for girder bridges. However, truckload measurements are either made for a short period of time [for example, weigh-in-motion (WIM) data] or are statistically biased (for example, weigh stations) and cost prohibitive. The objective of this paper is to present results of a 3D computer-based model for the simulation of multiple trucks on girder bridges. The model is based on the grillage approach and is applied to four steel girder bridges tested under normal truck traffic. Actual truckload data collected using a discrete bridge WIM system are used in the model. The data include axle loads, truck gross weight, axle configuration, and statistical data on multiple presence (side by side or following). The results are presented as a function of the static and dynamic stresses in each girder and compared with code provisions for dynamic load factor. The study provides an alternate method for the development of live-load models for bridge design and evaluation. 相似文献
82.
83.
碾压混凝土穿透型诱导缝不同扩展阶段的强度指标试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在不同削弱度碾压混凝土轴拉试件的穿透型诱导缝周围粘贴了应变片,得到在不同应力状态下诱导缝应变发展规律为:在加载初期,离缝端不同距离的应变发展较为均匀,数值上相差不突出;随着荷载的增加,应变开始出现不均匀发展,离缝端越远,应变变化越缓慢;当接近最大荷载的阶段,缝端应变急速发展,试件瞬间断裂。应变从均匀发展变为不均匀发展,实质上隐含了诱导缝起裂、稳定发展、失稳断裂的整个过程,针对这一试验现象,结合断裂力学理论,建立了诱导缝不同开裂阶段的远场温度应力强度指标模型。 相似文献
84.
Dynamic vulcanisation of EPDM/PE-based thermoplastic vulcanisates studied along the extruder axis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Simple blending and dynamic vulcanisation of EPDM/PE blends using the resol/SnCl2 system was studied in an extruder using a series of sampling devices. The melting of the PE pellets occurs just in front of and in the first kneading zone. Upon complete melting of the PE phase, the EPDM/PE blends reach very quickly their final morphology. Crosslinking of the EPDM phase to high levels occurs already when the PE phase is not yet fully molten. The higher the EPDM content, the higher the viscous dissipation, the higher the melt temperature and, consequently, the higher the crosslinking rate. For the EPDM/PE (50/50; w/w) TPV a transition from continuous via co-continuous to fully dispersed EPDM is observed, which is driven by crosslinking. Although the degree of crosslinking of the EPDM rubber is very high, this does not prevent phase inversion of the blend. The EPDM/PE interface is rather blurred, because PE crystalline lamellae are growing into the EPDM domains, probably because of the high compatibility between PE and EPDM (60 wt% of ethene). This study shows that dynamic vulcanisation in extruders proceeds quite differently from that in batch kneaders, where melting, mixing and crosslinking are separated in time. In extruders mass and heat transport, melting of the thermoplastic, morphology development (including dispersion and phase inversion), distribution and dissolution of (crosslinking) chemicals and crosslinking of the rubber do not occur as independent phenomena, but mutually and/or continuously interact. 相似文献
85.
86.
通过对机前推床同步拉杆的受力分析及强度计算,查找出了造成拉杆断裂的原因,并提出了解决拉杆断裂的具体措施。 相似文献
87.
88.
In polyolefin processes the melt index (MI) is the most important control variable indicating product quality. Because of
the difficulty in the on-line measurement of MI, a lot of MI estimation and correlation methods have been proposed. In this
work a new dynamic MI estimation scheme is developed based on system identification techniques. The empirical MI estimation
equation proposed in the present study is derived from the 1
st
-order dynamic models. Effectiveness of the present estimation scheme was illustrated by numerical simulations based on plant
operation data including grade change operations in high density polyethylene (HDPE) processes. From the comparisons with
other estimation methods it was found that the proposed estimation scheme showed better performance in MI predictions. The
virtual sensor model developed based on the estimation scheme was combined with the virtual on-line analyzer (VOA) to give
a quality control system to be implemented in the actual HDPE plant. From the application of the present control system, significant
reduction of transition time and the amount of off-spec during grade changes was achieved 相似文献
89.
90.
In this paper, we present a general method to calculate the inverse and direct dynamic models of parallel robots. The models
are expressed in a closed form by a single equation in which all the elements needed are expressed. The solution is given
in terms of the dynamic models of the legs, the dynamics of the platform and some Jacobian matrices. The proposed method is
applied in this paper on two parallel robots with different structures.
Categories (2), (3). 相似文献