立式钢制储罐基础设计

以某罐区立式钢制储罐基础设计为例,探讨预制桩、灌注桩和浅基础应用于储罐基础的设计方法。储罐基础设计可比拟为“板-柱结构”体系,借助pkpm结构软件分析两种桩型承载力、浅基础设计、场地条件影响及桩-土共同作用。储罐桩基设计应对水平承载力、竖向承载力和配筋量三控制设计,对于端承型桩基,一般情况下单桩水平承载力起控制作用。相同桩数时,采用方形布桩的边桩配筋比环形布桩的更易产生突变。应用于软土场地的砼预制桩不仅应进行桩基承载力计算,还应加强桩基配筋验算。     

福建省村镇民房建设的分析与思考——汶川大地震震害的启示

本文根据我省村镇多层民房的几种主要结构型式：多层砌体结构、底层加强构造柱一多层砌体结构、底层局部框架一多层砌体结构、底层框架一多层砌体结构进行调查分析,并对这种结构在汶川地震中的震害情况进行对比、分析与总结。最后针对我省村镇民房建设存在的一些问题提出了个人的观点,供大家参考。     

中美圆形预应力水池抗震设计对比探讨

介绍了美国及中国圆形预应力水池抗震设计的方法 ,并进行了简要的对比探讨     

预应力管桩施工对场地地震液化的影响

通过对新乡某工程的勘察进行实例分析,详细阐述了预应力管桩施工的挤土效应对场地地震液化的影响,为类似工程提供参考。     

Analysis of earthquake management design for nuclear power plants (NPPs) incorporated with artificial intelligence (AI) method

It has been studied to analyze the operations in nuclear power plants (NPPs) where the human error could make a trigger to the nuclear disaster following the earthquake in South Korea. The earthquake warning system and its related control algorithm are modeled by the machine learning (ML) of artificial intelligence (AI) where the neural networking is done as a major role. The AI-based control system could give the very good performance in the earthquake incident which is shown by the system dynamics (SD) based simulations. Hence, the nuclear safety system needs the AI based alarming technology which could be a much more advanced control system incorporated with the conventional multiple-barrier concept in NPPs.     

Geosynthetic-sheet pile reinforced foundation for mitigation of earthquake and tsunami induced damage of breakwater

Earthquake and tsunami impose great threats on the stability of a breakwater. Foundation of the breakwater is weakened by these forces, and it may result in collapse of the breakwater. Lateral flow of seabed soils take place beneath the breakwater, and excess pore water pressure is generated in the foundation by an earthquake that precedes tsunami. These factors may lead to excessive settlement and horizontal displacement of the breakwater. Tsunami introduces additional instability to the deformed breakwater. Due to water level difference between seaside and harborside of the breakwater during a tsunami, seepage occurs through its foundation, and it may cause pipping of seabed soils. Tsunami induced scouring of mound is also a big problem for the stability of the breakwater foundation. Finally, these result in failure of the breakwater foundation. Due to failure of its foundation, the breakwater may collapse and cannot block the tsunami. It results in entering of the tsunami in coastal areas. In order to make a breakwater resilient against earthquake and tsunami induced damage, reinforcing countermeasures were developed for foundation of a breakwater. Geogrid, gabions and sheet piles were used for reinforcing a foundation model. The effectiveness of the model is evaluated through physical modeling for mitigating the earthquake and tsunami induced damage. Shaking table tests were performed to determine the effectiveness of the reinforced model under different earthquake loadings. Tsunami overflow test was conducted on the same deformed model in order to see the effects of tsunami on the model. Comparisons were made between the unreinforced and reinforced foundations, and it was observed during the tests that the reinforced foundation performed well in reducing the damage of the breakwater brought by the earthquake and tsunami. Overall, this study is useful for practice engineering, and the reinforced foundation model can be adopted for designing a breakwater foundation to reduce damage triggered by an earthquake and tsunami in the future.     

汶川地震区次生山地灾害监测预警体系初步构想

“5·12”汶川地震诱发了大量的崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害,崩塌滑坡堵塞主河形成堰塞湖,并为泥石流的形成提供了丰富的固体物质来源,在未来3～5年内泥石流灾害将成为震区的主要灾害之一,危害居民、交通、通讯和重要工程设施安全。构建系统的次生山地灾害监测预警网络和体系是震区减灾的重要措施,也是灾区恢复重建防灾体系的重要组成部分。按照规划,四川地震区将专业监测灾害点2998处以及建设6处重点城镇和区域山地灾害监测预警系统。为了保证山地灾害监测预警网络健康运行,监测预警系统须具有无线通讯、无人职守、低功耗且独立电源支持、实时性等功能,参照国内外监测内容,已由山地灾害形成背景条件、激发因素、成灾体、监测系统、综合信息处理平台、预测预报与警报发布等模块,分析了地震条件下山地灾害的形成的临界指标和适应震后环境的监测预警信息传输网络,并建立地震区山地灾害监测预警体系的初步构想。特别针对信息传输问题,提出引入无线传感器网络,绘制应用示意图。     

Mitigation of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Deformation in a Sloping Stratum: Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation

Finite-element (FE) simulations are increasingly providing a versatile environment for conducting lateral ground deformation studies. In this environment, mitigation strategies may be assessed in order to achieve economical and effective solutions. On the basis of a systematic parametric study, three-dimensional FE simulations are conducted to evaluate mitigation by the stone column (SC) and the pile-pinning approaches. Mildly sloping saturated cohesionless strata are investigated under the action of an applied earthquake excitation. For that purpose, the open-source computational platform OpenSees is employed, through a robust user interface that simplifies the effort-intensive pre- and postprocessing phases. The extent of deployed remediation and effect of the installed SC permeability are investigated. The influence of mesh resolution is also addressed. Generally, SC remediation was found to be effective in reducing the sand stratum lateral deformation. For a similar stratum with permeability in the silt range, SC remediation was highly ineffective. In contrast, pile pinning appeared to be equally effective for the sand and silt strata permeability scenarios. Overall, the conducted study highlights the potential of computations for providing insights toward the process of defining a reliable remediation solution.     

云南城市抗震防灾能力现状分析及抗震对策措施建议

本文根据澜沧—耿马地震震害的调查和东川、丽江等八市(县)城市综合抗震防灾能力的研究结果为主要依据,对云南省城市抗震防灾能力的现状进行了初步的分析与估计,并就减轻城市地震灾害的对策、措施提出了若干建议。     

Joint First-Passage Probability and Reliability of Systems under Stochastic Excitation

The first-passage probability, describing the probability that a scalar process exceeds a prescribed threshold during an interval of time, is of great engineering interest. This probability is essential for estimating the reliability of a structural component whose response is a stochastic process. When considering the reliability of an engineering system composed of several interdependent components, the probability that two or more response processes exceed their respective safe thresholds during the operation time of the system is an equally essential quantity. This paper proposes simple and accurate formulas for approximating this joint first-passage probability of a vector process. The nth order joint first-passage probability is obtained from a recursive formula involving lower order joint first-passage probabilities and the out-crossing probability of the vector process over a safe domain. Interdependence between the crossings is approximately accounted for by considering the clumping of these events. The accuracy of the proposed formulas is examined by comparing analytical estimates with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulations for stationary Gaussian processes. As an example application, the reliability of a system of interconnected equipment items subjected to a stochastic earthquake excitation is estimated by linear programming bounds employing marginal and joint component fragilities obtained by the proposed formulas.